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  • 1
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    Extreme radiation damage in soil from Mare Fecunditatis. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: High-voltage electron microscopy has been used to compare radiation effects in micron-size soil grains from the Luna 16 site (Mare Fecunditatis) and the four Apollo landing sites. Radiation damage by heavy solar particles is strikingly greater in the Luna 16 sample than in the other four samples. It is suggested that less movement of the soil at Mare Fecunditatis has taken place, perhaps because of its proximity to the limb and consequent lower exposure to energetic electrons in the earth's magnetospheric tail, which would cause electrostatic agitation of fine particles.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 13; Jan. 197
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  • 2
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    The planetary magnetic field and magnetosphere of Jupiter - Pioneer 10 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Data obtained by the Pioneer 10 vector helium magnetometer are presented along with models of the intrinsic magnetic field of Jupiter and its magnetosphere. Data acquired between 2.84 and 6.0 Jupiter radii, where the intensity of the planetary field ranged between 1900 and 18,400 gamma, were used to develop a six-parameter eccentric dipole model of the field. The dipole so derived has a moment of 4.0 G (R sub J) cubed and a tilt angle with respect to Jupiter's rotation axis of 11 deg. A model of the Jovian magnetosphere is presented in which the essential feature is an eastward current sheet that forms an annulus with Jupiter at the center. At large distances from the planet the current sheet is nearly parallel to Jupiter's equator but, in general, does not lie in it. The current sheet is warped, so that it is above the equator on one side and below it on the other. The current sheet rotates with the planet, more or less like a rigid body, this behavior causes an apparent up and down motion and periodic crossings of the current sheet by Pioneer.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Sept. 1
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  • 3
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    Magnetic field of Jupiter and its interaction with the solar wind (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Jupiter's magnetic field and its interaction with the magnetized solar wind were observed with the Pioneer 10 vector helium magnetometer. The magnetic dipole is directed opposite to that of the earth with an inclination of 15 deg lying in a system III meridian of 230 deg. The dipole is offset about 0.1 Jupiter radius north of the equatorial plane and about 0.2 Jupiter radius toward longitude 170 deg. There is severe stretching of the planetary field parallel to the equator throughout the outer magnetosphere, accompanied by a systematic departure from meridian planes. The field configuration implies substantial plasma effects inside the magnetosphere, such as thermal pressure, centrifugal forces, and differential rotation.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 183; Jan. 25
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  • 4
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    Radiation damage in Luna 20 soil. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: As an extension of previous studies of radiation damage produced by heavy solar flare ions in lunar soils, high-voltage electron microscopy and electron diffraction procedures were used to rank a Luna 20 sample among the other soils returned by Soviet and American lunar missions. Micron-sized soil grains from the Luna 20 mission are the most lightly irradiated, in contrast to micron-sized grains from Luna 16 soil, which are the most heavily irradiated.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 5
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    Radiation effects in soils from five lunar missions. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Optical and high-voltage electron microscopy were used to study radiation-produced defects. There is no systematic decrease in solar flare track distributions in lunar fines even to a depth of 2.5 m. The soil gradually accumulates in thickness; stirring by impacts is usually on a small scale. The accumulation rate at Luna 16 site is far lower than at the Apollo sites; the mean track density in micron-size grains there exceeds one trillion per sq cm; more than 90% of those grains are metamict; the Luna 16 site is at high longitude where electrostatic charging and transport of soil by geomagnetic tail electrons are minimal. A large fraction of soil grains on sloping ground have been isotropically irradiated, suggesting a tumbling downhill motion.-
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Jan 10, 1972 - Jan 13, 1972; Houston, TX
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  • 6
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    X-ray fluorescence experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The preliminary results from the Sco X-1 and Cyg X-1 obtained from the Apollo 15 X-ray detector data are presented along with preliminary results of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometric data of the lunar surface composition. The production of the characteristic X-rays following the interaction of solar X-rays with the lunar surface is described along with the X-ray spectrometer. Preliminary analyses of the astronomical X-ray observation and the X-ray fluorescence data are presented.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 17 p
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  • 7
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    S-band transponder experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Apollo 14 command service and lunar module orbital velocity data from radio navigation S-band transponder experiment for lunar gravitation effects
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 253-256
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  • 8
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    Lunar portable magnetometer experiment (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Lunar portable magnetometer experiment to measure steady magnetic field at different sites in Fra Mauro region - Apollo 14 flight
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 14 PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1971; P 227-237
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  • 9
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    Lunar portable magnetometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The purpose of the Apollo 16 lunar portable magnetometer (LPM) experiment is to measure the permanent magnetic field at different geological sites on the lunar surface. The LPM field measurements are a vector sum of the steady remanent field from the lunar crust and of the time-varying ambient fields. The remanent magnetic fields measured in the Descartes region are the largest extraterrestrial fields yet measured in situ. These measurements show for the first time that the Descartes highlands have a stronger remanent magnetization than do the mare regions of the previous Apollo landing sites. The experimental technique used in the LPM experiment is described and the preliminary results obtained are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 8 p
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  • 10
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    Lunar surface magnetometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 15 lunar-surface magnetometer (LSM) is one of a network of magnetometers that have been deployed on the moon to study intrinsic remanent magnetic fields and global magnetic response of the moon to large-scale solar and terrestrial magnetic fields. From these field measurements, properties of the lunar interior such as magnetic permeability, electrical conductivity, and temperature can be calculated. In addition, correlation with solar-wind-spectrometer data allows study of the the solar-wind plasma interaction with the moon and, in turn, investigation of the resulting absorption of gases and accretion of an ionosphere. These physical parameters and processes determined from magnetometer measurements must be accounted for by comprehensive theories of origin and evolution of the moon and solar system.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept. te; 16 p
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