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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-10-26
    Description: Meteoroid penetration measurements by Explorer XVI and XXIII satellites and Pegasus satellites for application to spacecraft design
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 2
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: Astronomical and satellite measurements of meteoroid environment of spacecraft in solar system
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 3
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    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: Gravity gradient, aerodynamic, magnetic moment and coulomb drag torque effects on explorer xi satellite angular momentum vector
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Low light level television systems offer the ability to observe meteors as faint as 10th magnitude which allows the extension of optical meteor data to masses as small as 0.0001 gram. The results of these observations, using image orthicons and intensified vidicons, are presented along with an interpretation in terms of mass flux. This interpretation includes the development of a relationship between peak luminosity of a meteor and mass, velocity, and zenith angle that was derived from single body meteor theory and compares favorably with results obtained from the artificial meteor program. Also included in the mass flux interpretation is an analysis of the observation response of a LLLTV system to fixed and moving point sources.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Evolutionary and Phys. Properties of Meteoroids; p 45-52
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  • 5
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Satellite orientation data examined for nature, origin and effect of torque-producing forces
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 6
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The problem of optical contamination in the form of particulates in the vicinity of a spacecraft has been a source of concern for any astronomical experiment that must be performed in sunlight. This concern prompted a photographic photometric experiment on Apollo 15 to measure the brightness of the residual contamination cloud as well as the cloud produced by dumping waste water overboard. An upper limit of 10 to the minus 12.3 power B (B designates the brightness of the solar disc) was placed on the residual cloud at a 90 deg sun angle, which is comparable to the zodiacal light. The brightness of the cloud produced by the waste dump was estimated to be 10 to the minus 9.2 power B. It was observed to decrease rapidly to 10 to the -11.6 power B in minutes, then fluctuate in brightness for at least 25 minutes as additional material left the spacecraft. The cloud was observed to consist of individually resolved particle tracks estimated to be particles ranging from millimeters to centimeters in diameter in addition to a background of unresolved particles with an average diameter of 10.5 microns. Most of the tracks proceeded in straight-line paths from the dump nozzle. Several tracks violated this direction, apparently having been scattered by collisions. A few tracks appeared to have definite curvatures, which are believed to be caused by charged particle interactions.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-64681
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Since the advent of low light level television (LLLTV) systems, it has been recognized that such devices offer the ability to observe meteors as faint as 10th magnitude which allows the extension of optical meteor data to masses as small as 0.0001 grams. The Space Sciences Lab at Marshall Space Flight Center has been actively engaged in such observations using image orthicons and intensified SEC vidicons. The results of these observations are presented along with an interpretation in terms of mass-flux. This interpretation includes the development of a relationship between peak luminosity of a meteor and mass, velocity, and zenith angle that was derived from single body meteor theory and compares favorably with results obtained from the Artificial Program. Also included in the mass flux interpretation is an analysis of the observation response of a LLLTV system to fixed and moving point sources.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-6868 , M-445 , IAU Colloq. No. 13, The Evolutionary and Phys. Probl. of Meteorids; Albany
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Trajectories and relative motions of small particles ejected from a spacecraft were analyzed, and modifications to the clearing times and column densities because of orbital dynamics were assessed. It was found that despite the fact that such particles are confined by orbital dynamics to move along similar trajectories with the spacecraft rather than to continue their free expansion, the effect is negligible for viewing angles away from the orbital path. Small particles are rapidly swept away by drag and will not contribute significantly to the column density when viewing along the velocity vector in 420-km earth orbit. However, substantial increases in column density can results when viewing in a direction opposite to the velocity vector because of drag effects. In the absence of drag, significant column densities can build up both in front of and behind the spacecraft in earth orbit for particles released at a few meters per second. This effect is much less pronounced in lunar orbit because the same release velocity produces a larger orbital perturbation for the particle.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7590 , M-460
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Techniques for assessment and control of the contamination environment for both particulates and condensible vapors in the vicinity of spacecraft are developed. An analysis of the deposition rate on critical surfaces is made considering sources within the line of sight of the surface in question as well as those obscured from the line of sight. The amount of contamination returned by collision with the surrounding atmosphere is estimated. Scattering and absorption from the induced atmosphere of gases and particulates around the spacecraft are estimated. Finally, design techniques developed for Skylab to reduce the contamination environment to an acceptable level are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7433 , M-459
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