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  • SPACE SCIENCES  (9)
  • 1
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The spectral identification of CH3CN and HCN provides the first support for the hypothesis first proposed by Wurm (1943), of chemically stable 'parent molecules' for the less stable radicals and ions seen in the coma and the tail. These two molecules were among the earliest discovered in dense interstellar clouds. Circumstantial evidence for the presence of water as the dominant volatile component in the nucleus has been growing for some time. However, a much more volatile species is required to explain the observed behavior of the comet. CO, formaldehyde, or methane would quickly evaporate as the comet approached the sun.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 249; June 7
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Although chemically stable 'parent molecules' for the observed radicals in comets, have been suspected for more than thirty years none of them has yet been observed spectroscopically. The newly discovered great comet Kohoutek may provide an excellent opportunity for directly observing a 'parent molecule' (namely, H2O) for the first time. The continuous development of a H2O atmosphere around the nucleus as the comet approaches the sun is discussed together with the detection of this atmosphere, using ground-based instruments and instruments carried in aircraft, balloons, and rockets.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 245; Sept. 28
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  • 3
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The known properties of the satellites of the outer planets are reviewed and an attempt is made to provide explanations for some of the more striking features in terms of interaction with the planetary magnetospheres. It is pointed out that all the larger satellites, with the exception of Iapetus, are likely to lie within the magnetospheres of their respective planets at all times. Attention is given to the possibility that the satellites and other solid bodies situated within the planetary magnetospheres become charged to rather large electrical potentials. Satellite brightness variations are considered together with the atmospheres of the satellites.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It is argued that the typical nuclear region of a comet, under a variety of circumstances, consists of a central icy nucleus surrounded by an extended icy halo of grains forming a supplementary source for the observed atmospheric constituents. A complete hydrodynamic description of a neutral atmosphere corresponding to such a distributed source model when the predominant 'parent-molecule' is H2O is given, and numerical results corresponding to two different velocity distributions of the icy halo consistent with smaller and larger grains are computed. The applicability and relevance of these models are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 26; Jan. 197
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  • 5
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Intergalactic medium lukewarm models, considering physical state, cosmic photon spectrum and isothermal and adiabatic expansion
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: ; ACE(
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  • 6
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Recent observations and associated theoretical developments bearing on the composition and structure of comets are briefly reviewed. The physical and dynamical processes in cometary atmospheres and ionospheres are discussed, and detailed hydrodynamic models of expanding multiconstituent cometary atmospheres corresponding both to a central nucleus as well as a central nucleus surrounded by a distributed source are presented for comparison with observation. It is argued that observed 'slow' speed for the neutral hydrogen is not incompatible with a purely H2O 'parent' source for that species.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: AIAA PAPER 73-549 , Space Science Conference: Exploration of the Outer Solar System; Jul 10, 1973 - Jul 12, 1973; Denver, CO; US
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The time evolution of interplanetary matter streams is studied using simple mathematical models, taking into account the effects of accretion and fragmentation. While the characteristic behavior is determined essential by the initial ratio of the accretion time scale to the internal collision time scale, a focusing following an initial expansion is generally observed. The relevance of the results to cosmogenic 'jetstreams', as well as present day meteor streams, is discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 30; Sept
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  • 8
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The genetic relationship between short-period comets and meteor streams is investigated. It is shown that mechanisms exist for the radial and the longitudinal focussing of particles in meteor streams with characteristic time scales of agglomeration significantly smaller than those of any of the known dispersive processes. Consequently, it is claimed that meteor streams may not merely form a sink for short-period comets but may also form a source. A likely origin for the volatiles observed in such comets is suggested. It is finally stressed that this reciprocity in the genetic relationship between short-period comets and meteor streams should form an important consideration in any attempt at accounting for the observed population of short-period comets.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 20; Jan. 197
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  • 9
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The strong L alpha radiation observed recently in comets Tago-Sato-Kosaka and Bennett can be explained in terms of the resonant scattering of solar L alpha radiation on neutral hydrogen formed by the photodissociation of H2O which is vaporized from a nucleus having an ice core. A complete hydrodynamic description of an atmosphere composed of H2O and its daughter products OH, H and O coupled through frictional interaction as well as production and loss processes is given. Numerical results are computed in a typical case, and it is found that a temperature of about 3000 K for the cometary atmosphere provides the best fit with observation.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 15; Feb. 197
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