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  • 1
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    Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays and its effect on meteorites. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Meteorites surface layers composition changes measured to determine solar modulation magnitude effect on galactic cosmic rays
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 2
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    Search for broad gamma ray lines with the UCR double Compton scatter telescope (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The operation of a double scatter telescope and the evaluation of data obtained during a 24 hour balloon flight are discussed. An increase in gamma rays was observed as the galactic anti-center crossed the aperature of the telescope. Searches for lines from p(n,gamma)d at 2.2 MeV, C-12* at 4.4 MeV and on -16* at 6.1 MeV and for other lines broadened or redshifted are being conducted to identify the processes responsible for the production of celestial gamma rays. Two upper limits for lines in the angalactic anti-center direction at 4.4 MeV and 6.1 MeV are 6 and 4 x 10 to the minus 4 power gamma/sq cm-s.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Gamma Ray Spectry. in Astrophys.; p 217-222
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  • 3
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    Neutron-induced 2.2 MeV background in gamma ray telescopes (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Neutron-induced gamma ray production is an important source of background in Compton scatter gamma ray telescopes where organic scintillator material is used. Most important is deuteron formation when atmospheric albedo and locally produced neutrons are thermalized and subsequently absorbed in the hydrogenous material. The resulting 2.2 MeV gamma ray line radiation essentially represents a continuous isotropic source within the scintillator itself. Interestingly, using a scintillator material with a high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio to minimize the scintillator material with a high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio to minimize the neutron-induced 4.4 MeV carbon line favors the np reaction. The full problem of neutron-induced background in Compton scatter telescopes has been previously discussed. Results are presented of observations with the University of California balloon-borne Compton scatter telescope where the 2.2 MeV induced line emission is prominently seen.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-9.3-6 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 3; p 375-378; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-3
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  • 4
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    Measured performance of the new University of California gamma ray telescope (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The design of the new medium energy balloon-borne gamma ray telescope is discussed. This telescope is sensitive to 1-30 MeV gamma rays. The results of the initial calibration are described. The position and energy resolutions of 32 plastic and NaI(Tl) scintillator bars, each 100 cm long are discussed. The telescope's measured angular and energy resolutions as a function of incident angle are compared with detailed Monte Carlo calculations at 1.37, 2.75 and 6.13 MeV. The expected resolutions are 5 deg FHWM and 8% at 2.75 MeV. The expected area-efficiency is 250 cm.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-9.2-13 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 3; p 342; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-3
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  • 5
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    Gamma rays of 0.3 to 30 MeV from PSR 0531+21 (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Pulsed gamma rays from the Crab Pulsar PSR 0531+21 are reported for energies of 0.3 to 30 MeV. The observations were carried out with the UCR gamma ray double Compton scatter telescope launched on a balloon from Palestine, Texas at 4.5 GV, at 2200 LT, September 29, 1978. Two 8 hr observations of the pulsar were made, the first starting at 0700 UT (0200 LT) September 30 just after reaching float altitude of 4.5 g/sq cm. Analysis of the total gamma ray flux from the Crab Nebula plus pulsar using telescope vertical cell pairs was published previously. The results presented supersede the preliminary ones. The double scatter mode of the UCR telescope measures the energy of each incident gamma ray from 1 to 30 MeV and its incident angle to a ring on the sky. The time of arrival is measured to 0.05 ms. The direction of the source is obtained from overlapping rings on the sky. The count rate of the first scatter above a threshold of 0.3 MeV is recorded every 5.12 ms. The Crab Pulsar parameters were determined from six topocentric arrival times of optical pulses.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-2.3-8 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 151-154; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 6
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    High-energy proton radiation belt. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The experiments and theories to explain the high-energy protons trapped in the earth's radiation belt are reviewed. The theory of cosmic ray albedo neutron decay injection of protons into the radiation belt is discussed. Radial diffusion and change in the earth's dipole moment are considered along with losses of protons by ionization and nuclear collision. It is found that the measured albedo neutron escape current is sufficient to supply trapped protons above 30 MeV. The theoretical calculations of the trapped protons are in agreement with the measurements for L less than or equal to 1.7 both on and off the equator. For L greater than or equal to 1.7, additional trapped proton differential energy measurements should be made before the theory can be adequately tested. It appears that an additional loss mechanism such as pitch angle scattering may be required.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics; 11; Aug. 197
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  • 7
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    Electronics implementation of the solar neutron experiment (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The electronic equipment design and function are discussed for the solar neutron counter experiment. Circuit diagrams are included.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-CR-126393
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  • 8
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    Earth albedo neutrons from 10 to 100 MeV. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: We report the measurement of the energy and angular distributions of earth albedo neutrons from 10 to 100 MeV at 40 deg N geomagnetic latitude from a balloon at 120,000 ft, below 4.65 g/sq cm. The albedo-neutron omnidirectional energy distribution is flat to 50 MeV, then decreases with energy. The absolute neutron energy distribution is of the correct strength and shape for the albedo neutrons to be the source of the protons trapped in earth's inner radiation belt.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Physical Review Letters; 28; Apr. 10
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  • 9
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    A cosmic gamma-ray burst on 1975 May 14 (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A cosmic gamma-ray burst is described which was observed from a balloon with a double-scatter gamma-ray telescope. The observed burst had a rise time of about 0.15 sec, a duration of 0.11 sec, and variations on a time scale of 5 msec. The variations are shown to imply a maximum source dimension of 1500 km. The integral energy distribution of the burst is determined along with the total energy above 0.5 MeV. The direction of the source is found, with 90% confidence, to be limited to a circle with a radius of 25 deg centered at +39 deg galactic latitude and 40 deg galactic longitude. Two additional candidate bursts observed with the same telescope are briefly discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 203; Feb. 1
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  • 10
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    Cosmic diffuse gamma rays from 2 to 25 MeV (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results are reported for measurements of cosmic diffuse gamma rays performed with a double Compton scatter gamma-ray telescope flows aboard a balloon at 3.5-g/sq cm residual atmosphere. The operation and calibration of the telescope are briefly reviewed, unwanted backgrounds are identified, and the only significant background for the telescope used is shown to arise from the interaction of albedo neutrons with hydrogen and carbon in one of the liquid scintillators. The fluxes of cosmic diffuse gamma rays with energies of 2 to 3, 3 to 5, 5 to 7, 7.5 to 10 MeV are listed, and upper limits are provided for energies of 10 to 15 and 15 to 25 MeV. These data are compared with numerous previous measurements, and no indication is found that the diffuse radiation is statistically different from isotropic. Upper limits are placed on the gamma-ray fluxes (mainly 3 to 25 MeV) from various localized sources.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 218
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