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  • 1
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    Sweet's mechanism in the solar wind (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Sweet (1956, 1958) proposed a mechanism for the rapid, steady-state dissipation of a magnetic field in a resistive plasma. It is shown that Sweet's mechanism operates in the interplanetary medium near 1 AU in structures which Burlaga and Ness (1968) have identified and called D-sheets. The basic equations are considered of a specific mathematical model provided by Parker (1963) for the case of antiparallel fields and incompressible flow. The theoretical conclusions are related to interplanetary observations.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 191; Aug. 1
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Electron plasma waves upstream of the earth's bow shock (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Electrostatic waves are observed around the plasma frequency fpe in the electron foreshock, together with electrons backstreaming from the bow shock. Using data from the sounder aboard ISEE 1, it is shown that this noise, previously understood as narrow band Langmuir waves more or less widened by Doppler shift or nonlinear effects, is in fact composed of two distinct parts: one is a narrow band noise, emitted just above fpe, and observed at the upstream boundary of the electron foreshock. This component has been interpreted as Langmuir waves emitted by a beam-plasma instability. It is suggested that it is of sufficiently large amplitude and monochromatic enough to trap resonant electrons. The other is a broad band noise, more impulsive than the narrow band noise, observed well above and/or well below fpe, deeper in the electron foreshock. The broad band noise has an average spectrum with a typical bi-exponential shape; its peak frequency is not exactly equal to fpe and depends on the Deybe length. This peak frequency also depends on the velocity for which the electron distribution has maximum skew. An experimental determination of the dispersion relation of the broad band noise shows that this noise, as well as the narrow band noise, may be due to the instability of a hot beam in a plasma.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 73-94
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  • 3
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    A theory of local and global processes which affect solar wind electrons. II - Experimental support (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Strong observational support from data obtained on three different satellites and reported by three independent experimental groups is presented for all of the theoretically predicted correlations of a previous paper concerning local and global processes that affect solar-wind electrons. Specifically, it is shown that: (1) subthermal electrons behave most nearly as a classical gas; (2) the solar-wind extrathermal fraction of the electron density is anticorrelated within steady-state stream patterns with the local bulk speed; (3) the extrathermal electrons form a spectrally distinguishable subpopulation whose differential 'temperature' is anticorrelated with the local bulk speed; (4) the heat flux carried by electrons is anticorrelated with the bulk speed; and (5) the extrathermal 'temperature' is nearly independent of radius in the inner heliosphere. It is concluded that the previously discussed global and local Coulomb collisional effects are essential aspects of the solar-wind plasma as it is observed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Nov. 1
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Electron observations in the solar wind and magnetosheath. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Electron temperature measurements taken by a triaxial electron analyzer on Ogo 5 in the solar wind and in the magnetosheath are interpreted. In the interplanetary medium, observations made on the bow shock connected lines of magnetic force have been separated from those made on non-bow-shock connected lines. The dependence of electron thermal properties on the local field geometry is discussed together with features of electron temperature and density discontinuities across the bow shock. The velocity distribution function is characterized together with temperature and density variations in a part of the dawn magnetosheath.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NSSDC-ID-68-014A-11-PM , NSSDC-ID-68-014A-15-OS , Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Oct. 1
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  • 5
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    Electron energy flux in the solar wind. (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Description of studies of electrons between 10 eV and 9.9 keV in the solar wind. The transport of energy in the rest frame of the plasma is evaluated and shown to be parallel to the interplanetary magnetic field. The presence of electrons from solar events causes this energy-flux density to exceed the heat flow due to thermal electrons. In one such event, the observations are shown to be consistent with the solar-electron observations made at higher energies. When observations are made at a point connected to the earth's bow shock by an interplanetary-field line, a comparatively large energy flux along the field toward the sun is observed, but the heat flow remains outwardly directed during this time interval. In either situation the heat flow is found to be consistent with measurements made on Vela satellites by a different method. These values, less than .01 ergs/sq cm/sec, are sufficiently low to require modifications to the Spitzer-Harm conductivity formula for use in solar-wind theories.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NSSDC-ID-68-014A-04-OS , NSSDC-ID-68-014A-11-PM , NSSDC-ID-68-014A-15-PS , Journal of Geophysical Research; 76; Dec. 1
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  • 6
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    Electron energy flux in the solar wind (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Electron energy flux in solar wind, in energy range 25 eV to 9.9 keV
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-65621 , X-692-71-264
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Sweet's mechanism in the solar wind (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Sweet's mechanism occurs in the solar wind, at D-sheets near 1 AU. Conductivities on the order of 10,000 esu are obtained, which is on the order of the local plasma frequency. This implies that the effective collision frequency is on the order of the plasma frequency. The lateral extent of D-sheets is approximately 0.01 AU to 0.001 AU. Hundreds of such D-sheets are probably present between the orbits of Venus and Earth at any instant.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70630 , X-692-74-110
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  • 8
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    Magnetic field dissipation in D-sheets (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effects of magnetic field annihilation at a tangential or rotational discontinuity in a resistive plasma are examined. The magnetic field intensity profile depends on (1) the field intensities far from the current sheet (+ and - infinity), (2) the angle between the two intensities, and (3) the electrical resistivity. For a tangential discontinuity, the theory predicts a depression in B, centered at the discontinuity, and it predicts a monotonic transition. The theory provides satisfactory fits to the magnetic field intensity and proton temperature profiles observed for two extremely broad D-sheets in the solar wind. Assuming a diffusion time 10 days, one obtains effective resistivities or approximately = 3 x 10 to the 12th power and 2 x 10 to the 13th power emu for the D-sheets. Either resistivity at directional discontinuities is much lower than 10 to the 12th power emu or annihilation does not always occur at discontinuities.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-66187 , X-692-72-488
    Format: application/pdf
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