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  • 1
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    Composition of interplanetary particles at energies from 0.1 to 150 MeV/nucleon, part B (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: During the Apollo 16 mission, a solar flare produced an enormous amount of low-energy nuclei, many orders of magnitude greater than the level inferred from studies of tracks in the window of the Apollo 12 spacecraft during a time when the sun was quiet. The differential energy spectrum of nuclei with Z less than or equal to 6 falls by seven orders of magnitude over the interval from 0.1 to 20 MeV/nucleon, then remains almost flat up to approximately 100 MeV/nucleon. The two parts correspond to contributions from the sun and from galactic cosmic rays. Any maximum in the spectrum occurs below the lowest energy studied.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 8 p
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  • 2
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    Solar flares, the lunar surface, and gas rich meteorites (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Investigations on the Fe-group nuclei track density vs depth in lunar rocks and Surveyor 3 TV camera filter glass were critically examined considering more factors than previously. The analysis gives a firmer basis to the observation of the preferential leakage of low energy Fe nuclei from the accelerating region of the sun. The track density gradients in lunar rock 12022 and filter glass are used to determine the lunar erosion rate of 3 angstroms/yr. Track gradients are less steep than predicted from energy spectrum observed in the Surveyor glass, perhaps due to sputtering. High densities of etchable tracks were found at all depths down to 60 cm in fines from Apollo cores and also in thin sections of the Pesjanoe, Pantar, and Fayetteville gas-rich meteorites. It is felt unlikely that suprathermal heavy ions were responsible for the high track densities.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 221-226
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  • 3
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    Enhanced emission of iron nuclei in solar flares (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A silica glass window from Apollo 12 CM and a piece of flint glass from the Surveyor 3 camera filter were examined for Fe nuclei tracks. A large difference between observed and predicted track densitites was found. At low rigidity (or energy), the solar particle Fe/He ratio is much higher than the photospheric abundance ratio, but decreases with increasing rigidity until it approaches the photospheric value at a rigidity of about 500 MV. It is felt that the low-energy Fe tracks are of solar origin. The implications that heavy nuclei can be preferentially emitted from a source of energetic particles are discussed. Other conclusions are the following: Rocks exposed on the lunar surface for 10 million yr would accumulate about 6 x 10 to the 12th power tracks/sq cm, and the rate of radiation-induced erosion is about 10 to the -9 cm/yr. The lunar soil should contain heavily irradiated small grains, some with track densities of about 10 to the 12th power/sq cm that have flaked from radiation-damaged rock surfaces and some that were irradiated while at the top of the soil layer.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 217-220
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  • 4
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    The nature of interplanetary heavy ions with 0.1 less than E less than 40 MeV/nucleon (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The populations of interplanetary particles were studied by examining the energy spectra in a cosmic ray detector placed in the shade, facing away from the sun. Suprathermal ions of solar origin, and low-energy galactic cosmic rays are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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  • 5
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    Enhanced emission of iron nuclei in solar flares (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Iron nuclei emission during 1967-1969 solar flares from spacecraft window and lunar camera lens etched tracks, discussing Fe/He ratio and lunar soil densities
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ; IENCES (
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  • 6
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    Composition of galactic cosmic rays with energy ranging between 10 and 30 MeV/nucleon. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nature Physical Science; 243; May 7
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  • 7
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    Search for supermassive magnetic monopoles using mica crystals (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The survival of the Galactic magnetic field almost certainly sets an astrophysical upper bound of approx. 10 to the minus 15th power cm(-2) sr(-1) s(-1) on the flux of monopoles. To improve significantly upon this Parker limit with direct, real time searches would require a detector area of approx. 10,000 square meters and a collection time of years. Several such searches are being contemplated. A novel alternative scheme using large mica crystals capable of recording and storing tracks of slow monopoles over a time scale of approx. 10 to the 9th power years was proposed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: HE-6.1-8 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 8; p 242-245; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-8
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Capabilities of the LDEF-2 heavy nuclei collection (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: To take the next big step beyond High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO-3) the Heavy Nuclei Collector (HNC), to be carried on an LDEF reflight, has the goals of greatly increased collecting power ( 30 actinides) and charge resolution sigma sub Z or = 0.25 E for Z up to approximately 100, which will provide abundances of all the charges 40 or Z or = 96 and permit sensitive searches for hypothetical particles such as monopoles, superheavy elements, and quark nuggets.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-4.4-8 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 2; p 131-134; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-2
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  • 9
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    An experiment to measure the energy spectrum of cosmic ray antiprotons from 100 to 1000 MeV (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Production models were developed and the confirmation of each one had significant astrophysical impact. These include radical modifications of propagation models, cosmic ray antiprotons injection from neighboring domains of antimatter, p production by evaporating primordial black holes, and cosmic ray p's as annihilation products of supersymmetry particles that might make up the dark dynamical mass of the Galaxy. It is that p's originating from supersymmetric parents might have distinct spectral features that would survive solar modulation; in one model, higgsino annihilation proceeds through the bb quark-antiquark channel, producing a spectral bump at approx. 0.3 GeV in the p spectrum.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-9.1-3 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 3; p 258-261; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-3
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  • 10
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    Charge states and energy-dependent composition of solar-flare particles. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Physical Review Letters; 30; Apr. 2
    Format: text
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