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  • 1
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    Nuclear gamma rays from solar flares (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-05
    Description: The theory of gamma-ray line emission from solar flares is reviewed and revised. It is shown that the line emissions at 0.5, 2.2, 4.4, and 6.1 MeV are due to positron annihilation, deuterium deexcitation following neutron capture on hydrogen, and the deexcitation of excited states in carbon and oxygen. From the observed relative line intensities it is possible to determine the spectrum of accelerated protons in the flare region. This spectrum is found to be very similar to that of charged particles from the flare observed near earth. The total number of protons at the sun is deduced from the observed absolute line intensities for various interaction models.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: High Energy Phenomena on the Sun; p 301-314
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  • 2
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    Origin of cosmic electrons from about 100 to 1,000,000 GeV. (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The origin of high-energy cosmic electrons is considered. It is found that electrons of energies below 1000 GeV could have been produced by local supernovae associated with known radio remnants. At higher energies, observations of muon-poor air showers indicate the existence of electrons at 1,000,000 GeV which may have originated entirely from the supernova Vela X.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Physical Review Letters; 27; Nov. 8
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  • 3
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    Gamma-ray line astrophysics (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Recent observations of gamma-ray line emission from solar flares, gamma-ray bursts, the galactic center, the interstellar medium and the jets of SS433 are reviewed. The implications of these observations on high energy processes in these sources are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nineteenth International Cosmic Ray Conference. Conference Papers: Invited Rapporteur, Highlight, Miscellaneous, Volume 9; 23 p
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  • 4
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    Diffuse galactic gamma-ray line emission from nucleosynthetic Fe-60, Al-26, and Na-22 - Preliminary limits from HEAO 3 (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Data obtained during a two-week period in the fall of 1979 with the HEAO 3 gamma-ray spectroscopy experiment have been searched for diffuse galactic plane gamma-ray line emission expected t4 result from the decay of nucleosynthetic Fe-60, Al-26, and Na-22. With the possible exception of the 1809 keV line from Al-26 decay, for which a 2.6-omicron cosmic excess of (6.0 + or - 2.3) x 0.0001 photons/sq cm per sec per rad was measured, no positive detection was made. However, new limits ranging from 1.8 to 11 times 0.0001 photons/sq cm per sec per rad, at the 3-omicron level of confidence, have been placed on diffuse emission in these lines from the vicinity of the galactic center (between -30 and 30 deg). These limits are lower than some theories predict and thus place new constraints on the yields of these radionuclides in explosive nucleosynthesis and on the present rate of galactic nucleosynthesis.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 262
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  • 5
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    Transient X-rays, gamma-rays and neutrons in space (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The various astrophysical sources of transient X-ray, gamma-ray, and neutron emission which can produce significant increases in the high-energy (greater than 1 keV) radiation and particle background flux in space. These sources include solar flares, gamma-ray bursts, supernovae, and other astrophysical transients. The observations of these sources are reviewed, and the expected rate of occurrence of their transient emission is examined as a function of intensity and energy.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 6
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    Gamma ray burst size-frequency distributions: Spectral selection effects (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effects of spectral variation on the detection of gamma ray bursts were investigated. Selection biases resulting from these effects can account for the reported deviation of the observed size-frequency distribution in peak energy flux from that expected for a simple uniform distribution of sources. Thus these observations as yet provide no clear evidence for structure in the burst source distribution. Because of selection biases, the intrinsic average temperature of the bursts is much harder (kT approximately MeV) than the observed average (approximately 200 KeV).
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-1.2-3 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 37-40; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 7
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    Nuclear processes in the jets of SS433 (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The very narrow gamma-ray lines observed at 1.495 and 6.695 MeV from SS433 which are blueshifted 1.369 and 6.129 emissions from deexcitations of (24)Mg* and (16)O* in grains moving with the jets and inelastically excited by interactions with the ambient medium are discussed. Energetic particle interactions in grains produce very narrow gamma ray lines from deexcitation of nuclear levels whose lifetimes are long enough that the excited nuclei stop before deexcitation. The presence of grains in the jets resolves hitherto discussed difficulties of inelastic excitation models for gamma ray production in SS433, the very narrow widths of the observed lines and the absence of other strong lines, expected from abundant elements. A model is proposed which could be distinguished from a previously proposed fusion model by gamma ray line observations.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TM-86109 , NAS 1.15:86109
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  • 8
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    Gamma ray lines from the galactic center and gamma ray transients (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N81-25033)
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 9
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    Gamma ray lines from the Galactic Center and gamma ray transients (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The observations and interpretations of cosmic (nonsolar) gamma ray lines are discussed. The most prominent of these lines is the e(+)e(-) annihilation line which was observed from the Galactic Center and from several gamma ray transients. At the Galactic Center the e(+)e(-) pairs are probably produced by an accreting massive black hole (solar mass of approximately one million) and annihilate within the central light year to produce a line at almost exactly 0.511 MeV. In gamma ray transients the annihilation line is redshifted by factors consistent with neutron star surface redshifts. Other observed transient gamma ray lines appear to be due to cyclotron absorption in the strong magnetic fields of neutron stars, and nuclear deexcitations and neutron capture, which could also occur on or around these objects.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TM-82125
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  • 10
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    Al-26 - A galactic source of gamma-ray line emission (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A detectable gamma-ray line at 1.809 MeV results from the decay of Al-26 in the interstellar medium if this isotope is synthesized in supernovae with abundance of about 0.001 relative to Mg-26. The expected intensity from the direction of the galactic center is approximately 0.0001 photon/sq cm/sec per sr, and the line width is less than 3 keV. This intensity is comparable to the intensities of the other strongest gamma-ray lines resulting from processes of nucleosynthesis at 0.847 MeV from Fe-56, 1.156 MeV from Ca-44, and 1.173 and 1.332 MeV from Ni-60. But the width of the line from Al-26 decay is an order of magnitude smaller than that of either the 0.847- or the 1.156-MeV lines, and hence this line should be much more easily observable with high-resolution detectors.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 213
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