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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Indian cosmic ray experiment Anuradha, conducted onboard Spacelab 3 during April 29-May 6, 1985 was designed to obtain information on the ionization states of low-energy cosmic rays, using the geomagnetic field as a rigidity filter to place an upper limit on the ionization state of individual cosmic ray particles. This paper presents data confirming the presence of three distinct groups of energetic particles in the near-earth space: (1) low-energy (15-25 MeV/nucleon) anomalous cosmic rays that are either singly ionized or consistent with their being in singly ionized state, (2) fully ionized galactic cosmic ray ions, and (3) partially ionized iron and sub-iron group ions (which account for about 20 percent of all the iron and sub-iron group ions detected at the Spacelab 3 orbit within the magnetosphere in the energy interval 25-125 MeV/nucleon). It is argued that these partially ionized heavy ions are indeed a part of the low-energy galactic cosmic rays present in the interplanetary space.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 411; 1; p. 418-430.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Spectrum and galactic isotropy of diffuse cosmic X rays by balloon-borne detector
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Galactic weak X ray sources observation in Southern Hemisphere for flux and energy spectrum
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ; 17 (
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The use of magnetometers for azimuth determination of balloon-borne X-ray astronomy payloads is examined, with special emphasis placed on the experiments of the University of Adelaide Cosmic Ray Group. A critical evaluation is made of the effectiveness of the magnetometers, including discussion of effects due to geomagnetic field variations, magnetometer misorientation and spurious contaminant magnetic fields. Calibration techniques and details of in-flight performance are also presented.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Planetary and Space Science; 20; Mar. 197
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The new information on galactic cosmic rays (GCR) derived from the Spacelab-3 cosmic ray experiment 'Anuradha' shows that at 25-125 MeV/N GCR sub-iron and iron (Z = 21-28) particles consists of a mixture of partially ionized and fully ionized ions. Computation of electron capture and loss cross sections in hydrogen in 1-50 MeV/N energy range are made for Fe, Cr, Ti and Ni. From these it is concluded that: (1) these GCR particles must have captured orbital electrons at energies of about 1-5 MeV/N and (2) these particles are then reaccelerated to 300-500 MeV/N most probably in interstellar medium by collision with SNR shock fronts. Some reacceleration may take place also in heliospheric boundary region. It is suggested that these observations of partially ionized GCR ions of about 100 MeV/N in Spacelab-3 provide a direct evidence of reacceleration of GCR.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 15; 1; p. (1)51
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Spectral properties of celestial X ray objects near galactic center from balloon observation, noting supernova origin and magnetic bremsstrahlung emission mechanism
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design and characteristics of low energy detectors on the Copernicus satellite are described. The functions of the sensors in obtaining data on the particle background. The procedure for processing the data obtained by the satellite is examined. The most significant positive deviations are caused by known weak X-ray sources in the field of view. In addition to small systemic effects, occasional random effects where the count rate increases suddenly and decreases within a few frames are analyzed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the Workshop on Electron Contamination in X-ray Astronomy Expt.; 12 p
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-06-11
    Description: At energies higher than 2 x 10 to the 5 GeV, very little information exists on detailed properties of nucleon-nucleon collision; the rare elements are coming from jets, and, as nondirect improvements from gamma-ray families. The results exhibit some conflicting features, or, at least, very large fluctuations like copious production of gamma-rays in opposition to Centauro-like events, sometimes suggest that phase transition to quark gluon plasma occurs in nucleus-nucleus collisions and even in nucleon-nucleus collision. The multicluster phenomenological model (MPM) extrapolated for extensive air showers EAS simulation up to 5 x 10 to the 6 GeV to put in evidence some significant deviation between experimental data and prediction.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 7; p 20-23; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-7
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-06-11
    Description: Hadrons in extensive air showers (E.A.S.) provide direct information about high energy interactions. As a rule the biases pertaining to different shower array arrangements have a relative large influence for the basic phenomenological characteristics of the E.A.S. hadron component. In this situation, the problem of the correct comparison between model calculated and experimental characteristics is of great importance for the reliability of the derived conclusions about the high energy interaction characteristics.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 7; p 9-11; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-7
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  • 10
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: Solar neutrino detection, discussing energy generation processes in Sun
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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