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  • 1
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    The effect of the heliospheric current sheet on cosmic ray intensities at solar maximum - Two alternative hypotheses (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The capabilities of two alternative models for accounting for the reversal of the solar magnetic field polarity at the point of solar maximum and for the associated modulation of cosmic ray intensities at 1 AU are assessed. One model posits a continuous increase in the inclination of the heliospheric current sheet to a point of verticality at maximum, when it overturns and the reversal occurs. The alternative view is that the sun sheds the magnetic field of the previous cycle and generates a new field of opposite polarity. Some data do exist for a tilted current sheet which increases its tilt with proximity to the solar maximum. However, coronal data also support the presence of isolated regions of anomalous polarity which spread over the surface of the sun as maximum approaches, a condition commensurate with flux shedding. Both models predict heliospheric current sheet configurations which would produce some cosmic ray modulations observed over the course of the solar cycle.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 2889-289
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  • 2
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    Latitudinal extent of the heliospheric current sheet and modulation of galactic cosmic rays (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Possible correlations were investigated between the modulation of galactic cosmic rays and changes in the maximum heliographic latitude of the heliospheric current sheet during solar maximum. Solar photospheric magnetic field data from 1976-82 were extrapolated by means of potential theory to obtain the maximum latitudinal extent of the current sheet in the northern and southern hemispheres. The latitudinal differences were compared with terrestrial neutron flux data and Pioneer 10 data on cosmic rays with energies below 200 MeV at heliocentric distances of 10-30 AU. Account was taken for the time delay for the solar wind to propagate out to the spacecraft location. The current sheet maxima were nearly symmetrical about the solar equator except during sunspot maxima, when the solar poles were reversing. Significant changes in the latitudinal symmetry were highly correlated with the neutron data and cosmic fluctuations at Pioneer 10. The sensitivity of cosmic rays to the polarity reversals is in accordance with predictions of the gradient drift model.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 2933-294
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  • 3
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    The effect of corotating interaction regions on the propagation of relativistic cosmic rays in the heliosphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper questions the validity of modulation theories that ignore the presence of large regions of enhanced magnetic field in the heliosphere. The scatter-free and diffusive motion of relativistic cosmic rays is simulated in models of the heliospheric magnetic field, which include compressed field structures representing the corotating interaction regions that are believed to be present in the interplanetary medium throughout most of the solar cycle. It is found that the strong field gradients associated with these regions greatly perturb the drift pattern anticipated for simple Parkerian fields, and thus the expected streaming of cosmic rays from over the poles or along the current sheet, during consecutive solar cycles, no longer holds.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; June 1
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  • 4
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    Changes in cosmic ray propagation induced by corotating interaction regions (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: By simulating the trajectories for scatter free and diffusive propagation of relativistic cosmic rays in a model of the heliospheric magnetic fields containing a representation of corotating interaction regions (CIR's), it is found that, due to the large gradients associated with these compression regions, the motion is strongly affected and differs substantially from the predictions of current modulation theory. For positive (outward) northern hemisphere polarity, particles do not stream purely from high latitudes but can come from almost any latitude in the outer heliosphere; for negative polarity, many particles come along the current sheet (as predicted) but a second, equally important, population exists comprising particles that do not start on the current sheet but are brought to low latitudes by their interaction with CIR's. Thus, it is concluded that CIR's (and other large scale structures) cannot be ignored in analyses of cosmic ray modulation.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 5
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    Effect of turbulence models on criticality conditions in swirling flows (1995)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The critical state of vortex cores downstream of vortex breakdown has been studied. Base vortical flows were computed using the Reynolds-averaged, axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations. Standard K - epsilon, RNG and second-order Reynolds stress models were employed. Results indicate that the return to supercriticality is highly dependent on the turbulence model. The K - epsilon model predicted a rapid return of the vortex to supercritical conditions, the location of which showed little sensitivity to changes in the swirl ratio. The Reynolds stress model predicted that the vortex remains subcritical to the end of the domain for each of the swirl ratios employed, and provided results in qualitative agreement with experimental work. The RNG model produced intermediate results, with a downstream movement in the critical location with increasing swirl. Calculations for which area reductions were introduced at the exit in a subcritical flow were also performed using the Reynolds stress model. The structure of the resulting recirculation zone was altered significantly. However, when area reductions were employed within supercritical flows as predicted using the two-equation models, no significant influence on the recirculation zone was noted.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center, The Sixth Annual Thermal and Fluids Analysis Workshop; p 163-173
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  • 6
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    Numerical experiments on boundary-layer receptivity (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The incompressible laminar flow over an infinitely thin flat plate is obtained using a Navier-Stokes code in vorticity-velocity variables. The flow at and near the leading edge of the plate is an integral part of the solution algorithm which requires no special treatment; thus allowing for the flow field in this region to be studied in detail. An incident plane sound wave is imposed in the free-stream flow and the receptivity of the boundary layer is studied with particular emphasis to the flow near and at the leading edge.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 7
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    The present state and future direction of second order closure models for compressible flows (1992)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include: (1) Reynolds stress closure models; (2) Favre averages and governing equations; (3) the model for the deviatoric part of the pressure-strain rate correlation; (4) the SSG pressure-strain correlation model; (5) a compressible turbulent dissipation rate model; (6) variable viscosity effects; (7) near-wall stiffness problems; (8) models of the Reynolds mass and heat flux; and (9) a numerical solution of the compressible turbulent transport equation.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center, Workshop on Engineering Turbulence Modeling; p 249-275
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  • 8
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    Studies in turbulence (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Various papers on turbulence are presented. Individual topics addressed include: modeling the dissipation rate in rotating turbulent flows, mapping closures for turbulent mixing and reaction, understanding turbulence in vortex dynamics, models for the structure and dynamics of near-wall turbulence, complexity of turbulence near a wall, proper orthogonal decomposition, propagating structures in wall-bounded turbulence flows. Also discussed are: constitutive relation in compressible turbulence, compressible turbulence and shock waves, direct simulation of compressible turbulence in a shear flow, structural genesis in wall-bounded turbulence flows, vortex lattice structure of turbulent shear slows, etiology of shear layer vortices, trilinear coordinates in fluid mechanics.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ; 615 p.
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  • 9
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    Modeling the dissipation rate in rotating turbulent flows (1990)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A variety of modifications to the modeled dissipation rate transport equation that have been proposed during the past two decades to account for rotational strains are examined. The models are subjected to two crucial test cases: the decay of isotropic turbulence in a rotating frame and homogeneous shear flow in a rotating frame. It is demonstrated that these modifications do not yield substantially improved predictions for these two test cases and in many instances give rise to unphysical behavior. An alternative proposal, based on the use of the tensor dissipation rate, is made for the development of improved models.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-CR-187485 , ICASE-90-88 , NAS 1.26:187485 , AD-A232079
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  • 10
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    An analysis of RNG based turbulence models for homogeneous shear flow (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In a recent paper, the authors compared the performance of a variety of turbulence models including the k-epsilon model and the second-order closure model based on Renormalization Group (RNG) Methods. The performance of these RNG models in homogeneous turbulent shear flow was found to be quite poor, apparently due to the value of the constant C(sub epsilon1) in the modeled dissipation rate equation which was substantially lower than its traditional value. However, recently a correction has been made in the RNG based calculation of C(sub epsilon1). It is shown that with the new value of C(sub epsilon1), the performance of the RNG k-epsilon model is substantially improved. On the other hand, while the predictions of the revised RNG second-order closure model are better, some lingering problems still remain which can be easily remedied by the addition of higher order terms.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-CR-187552 , NAS 1.26:187552 , ICASE-91-37 , AD-A236667
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