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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Detailed analysis of the Pioneer 10 plasma analyzer experiment flight data during the Jupiter flyby in late November and early December 1973 has been performed. The observations show that the interaction of Jupiter's magnetic field with the solar wind is similar in many ways to that at earth, but the scale size is over 100 times larger. Jupiter is found to have a detached standing bow shock wave of high Alfven Mach number. Like the earth, Jupiter has a prominent magnetopause that deflects the magnetosheath plasma and excludes its direct entry into the Jovian magnetosphere. Unlike that of the earth, the sunward hemisphere of Jupiter's outer magnetosphere is found to be highly inflated with thermal plasma and a high-beta region that is highly responsive to changes in solar wind dynamic pressure.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Sept. 1
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Pioneer 10 Plasma Analyzer experiment flight data during the Jupiter flyby are presented. The observations show that the interaction of Jupiter's magnetic field with the solar wind is similar in many ways to that at earth, but the scale size is over 100 times larger. Jupiter is found to have a detached standing bow shock wave of high Alfven Mach number. Jupiter has a prominent magnetopause which deflects the magnetosheath plasma and excludes its direct entry into the Jovian magnetosphere. The sunward hemisphere of Jupiter's outer magnetosphere is found to be highly inflated with thermal plasma and a high beta region which is highly responsive to changes in solar wind dynamic pressure. Observational arguments are presented which tend to discount a thin disklike magnetosphere but, rather, favor a Jovian magnetosphere, albeit probabily considerably flattened as compared to the earth's magnetosphere, yet still with reasonable thickness. Results concerning the shock jump conditions, the magnetosheath flow field and inferred internal magnetospheric plasma are presented.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62357
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: During the Apollo 16 mission, a solar flare produced an enormous amount of low-energy nuclei, many orders of magnitude greater than the level inferred from studies of tracks in the window of the Apollo 12 spacecraft during a time when the sun was quiet. The differential energy spectrum of nuclei with Z less than or equal to 6 falls by seven orders of magnitude over the interval from 0.1 to 20 MeV/nucleon, then remains almost flat up to approximately 100 MeV/nucleon. The two parts correspond to contributions from the sun and from galactic cosmic rays. Any maximum in the spectrum occurs below the lowest energy studied.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 8 p
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: All mineral detectors exposed on Apollo 16 had high surface track densities probably produced by a solar flare that occurred during the mission. The heavy ions followed a power law spectrum with exponent approximately 3 down to approximately 200 KeV/nucleon. The abundance of low-energy particle tracks observed in this flare may explain the high track densities observed in lunar dust grains. Pristine heavy-particle tracks in feldspar give long tracks. Shallow pits similar to those expected from extremely heavy solar wind ions were observed in about the expected number. Initial results give a low apparent value of neutron albedo relative to theory.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 14 p
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Investigations on the Fe-group nuclei track density vs depth in lunar rocks and Surveyor 3 TV camera filter glass were critically examined considering more factors than previously. The analysis gives a firmer basis to the observation of the preferential leakage of low energy Fe nuclei from the accelerating region of the sun. The track density gradients in lunar rock 12022 and filter glass are used to determine the lunar erosion rate of 3 angstroms/yr. Track gradients are less steep than predicted from energy spectrum observed in the Surveyor glass, perhaps due to sputtering. High densities of etchable tracks were found at all depths down to 60 cm in fines from Apollo cores and also in thin sections of the Pesjanoe, Pantar, and Fayetteville gas-rich meteorites. It is felt unlikely that suprathermal heavy ions were responsible for the high track densities.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 221-226
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Results from interferometric measurements of the apparent angular deflection of quasi-stellar object are examined. Some preliminary results from Mariner 6 and 7 experiments, particularly from the plasma effect viewpoint, are discussed, along with future experiments and plasma scintillation. Ray bending studies, plasma relativity separation for Mariner 6 and 7, and radio propagation test of general relativity are reviewed. First order approximations and time delay studies are appended, as well as Doppler velocity effect investigations.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 92-104
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The technique for obtaining range measurements is discussed. It involves measuring elapsed time between the transmission of an encoded signal from the ground station and its return from the spacecraft. The theoretical background for the Mariner Mars 1969 relativity test is presented, including computation of orbits and time transformation. Interplanetary and coronal plasma effects on range and Doppler observations at S-band are also considered. The general relativistic propagation delay was measured and a value of 0.997 for the relativity parameter Gamma star was obtained.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 111-135
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A silica glass window from Apollo 12 CM and a piece of flint glass from the Surveyor 3 camera filter were examined for Fe nuclei tracks. A large difference between observed and predicted track densitites was found. At low rigidity (or energy), the solar particle Fe/He ratio is much higher than the photospheric abundance ratio, but decreases with increasing rigidity until it approaches the photospheric value at a rigidity of about 500 MV. It is felt that the low-energy Fe tracks are of solar origin. The implications that heavy nuclei can be preferentially emitted from a source of energetic particles are discussed. Other conclusions are the following: Rocks exposed on the lunar surface for 10 million yr would accumulate about 6 x 10 to the 12th power tracks/sq cm, and the rate of radiation-induced erosion is about 10 to the -9 cm/yr. The lunar soil should contain heavily irradiated small grains, some with track densities of about 10 to the 12th power/sq cm that have flaked from radiation-damaged rock surfaces and some that were irradiated while at the top of the soil layer.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 217-220
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The first exposure on a spacecraft of a nuclear emulsion apparatus designed to collect 1000 high quality tracks of heavy nuclei under a negligible thickness of matter (0.07 g/sq cm) is described. The cosmic ray detector consisted of a stack of nuclear emulsions that were designed to register at least 400 heavy nuclei tracks for each 10 hours of useful exposure. The spacecraft had to be oriented in a heads-up attitude during the 10-hour period to eliminate atmospheric albedo particles. The results are as follows: (1) a definite odd-even effect, with low abundances for elements of atomic number 7, 9, and 11; (2) a ratio O/C approximately 0.9; (3) Ne/C, Mg/C, and Si/C ratios between 0.2 and 0.3; (4) an abundance gap in the region 15 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 19; and (5) a ratio (20 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 28)/C 0.2, with a large concentration at Z = 26. These results are indicative that successful exposures of nuclear emulsions were obtained on the Gemini 11 mission.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 215-225
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Multiple periodicity of Cygnus X-1 X ray emission from rocket sounding
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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