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  • 1
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    A quantitative test of solar modulation theory - The proton, helium, and electron spectra from 1965 through 1979 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The predictions of a conventional, spherically symmetric model of solar modulation have been compared with the measured spectra of positively and negatively charged galactic cosmic-ray particles at 1 AU throughout the 1965-1976 solar cycle and through the enhanced modulation of 1979. For the proton/helium, proton/electron, and helium/electron flux ratios, there is remarkably good agreement between theory and experiment, except for small differences in 1965 and 1969. Possible systematic experimental errors are discussed, and it is concluded that: (1) the 11 year modulation process is largely independent of the sign of the particle charge; and (2) the assumption of steady state is a fairly good approximation for long term modulation.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 275; L15-L18
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    The path-length distribution for galactic cosmic-ray propagation - An energy-dependent depletion of short path lengths (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is shown that at low energies, the depletion of short path lengths in the interstellar cosmic-ray path-length distribution is a function of energy, decreasing in magnitude with increasing energy. The analysis leading to this conclusion is based on the comparison of compiled data for the B/C and sub-Fe/Fe ratios at 0.08-50 GeV per nucleon, with the results of detailed galactic propagation and solar modulation calculations, which include experimental values for the important nuclear cross sections. This energy dependence of the depletion resolves some of the conflicts between previous reports on the question of short path lengths and may be explained by models including a matter distribution around discrete sources or, possibly, by models invoking waves generated by particle-magnetic field interactions in the Galaxy.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 280; L13-L17
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  • 3
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    The source abundances of galactic cosmic rays (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The galactic cosmic ray source abundances have been determined from two complete datasets, one at low and the other at high energy. For both exponential and truncated exponential pathlength distributions (PLD), the two sets of source abundances show significant differences for the primary elements, i.e., the Fe/O ratio. An energy dependent PLD reduces but does not eliminate the discrepancy, and this may indicate an energy dependence in the source composition. New source abundances for Na, P, Cl, Ca, and Mn are derived.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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  • 4
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    The energy dependence of cosmic ray propagation at low energy (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The interstellar propagation of cosmic rays is investigated using current 'best estimates' for the partial and total cross sections and their energy dependence and the current model of solar modulation. The experimental boron to carbon ratio is reproduced if the mean of the path length distribution decreases with decreasing energy below approximately 1 GeV/nucleon. This energy dependence is compared to shock acceleration models and dynamical halo models using different galactic wind velocities.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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  • 5
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    The solar modulation of the anomalous helium component from 1965 to 1980 and from 1 to 23 A.U. (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The modulation of the anomalous He-4 component is investigated both in time and in space from 1 to 23 AU with the spacecraft network of IMP-8, and Pioneers 10 and 11. The times of appearance and disappearance of the anomalous He-4 are determined, and it is found to have a higher sensitivity to modulation both in time and space than cosmic ray protons and helium of equivalent or lower rigidity. The disappearance of the flux due to modulation progressed radially outward over several months suggests that the source lies in the outer heliosphere, probably beyond 25 AU, and possibly out of the ecliptic.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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  • 6
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    The cosmic ray electron/proton intensity ratio between 1965 and 1979 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In experimental investigations, differences have been found regarding the modulation of low-energy electrons and protons. These differences cannot be explained on the basis of conventional theory. Evenson et al. (1979) have attempted to relate the differences in the modulation of electrons and protons to the solar field reversal of 1969-1971. The analyses have been inconclusive due to lack of a long time base and to a scarcity of reliable electron data. The present study represents an extension of he investigation of Evenson et al. (1979) to the time period 1965-1979. New data obtained in 1977-1979 are added, 1965 electron data are reexamined, and the time behavior of the helium/proton ratio is considered. It is concluded that there was a systematic shift in the intensity ratio of low-energy electrons to protons in the time period around the reversal of the solar polar magnetic field, leading to a clear difference in the values of the ratio for the two consecutive solar minima 1965 and 1976.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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  • 7
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    The question of short pathlengths in interstellar propagation (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Interstellar propagation calculations for cosmic rays, He-4 - Ni-64, are compared with currently available abundance ratios for B/C and sub-Fe/Fe. The calculations show that an exponential pathlength distribution (leaky box model) cannot reproduce both secondary to primary ratios in the interval 0.5-1 GeV/n unless some values of the propagation parameters are modified. The calculated ratios are shown to be particularly sensitive to the adopted cross sections, the presence of the sub-Fe elements in the source regions, the shape of the source energy spectrum, and ionization energy loss.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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  • 8
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    The propagation lifetime of galactic cosmic rays determined from the measurement of the beryllium isotopes (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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  • 9
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    Evidence for an energy dependence in the short pathlengths of the cosmic ray pathlength distribution (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The energy dependence of the short pathlengths in the cosmic ray pathlength distribution is investigated in a galactic propagation plus solar modulation calculation. In order to reproduce, simultaneously, the compiled B/C and sub-Fe/Fe measurements, an energy dependent deficiency of short pathlengths is required which is largest at low energies and becomes negligible above a few GeV/nucleon. Such behavior could imply a significant contribution from matter in the vicinity of the cosmic ray source or the acceleration site.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 22, 1983 - Sep 03, 1983; Bangalore; India
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  • 10
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    The isotopic composition of neon and magnesium in the low energy cosmic rays (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The ratios Ne-22/Ne-20 and Mg-26/Mg-24 were measured in galactic cosmic rays by the IMP-7 satellite in the 60 to 230 MeV/nucleon range. The neon cosmic ray source ratio Ne-22/Ne-20 is about 0.38, which is much larger than the current solar system relationship; the Mg data agrees with the solar system isotopic ratio of 0.14 at the cosmic ray source. The Ne and Mg source ratios are explained by supernova models, and become a new constraint which should be satisfied by any model of cosmic ray origin.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 06, 1979 - Aug 18, 1979; Kyoto; Japan
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