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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The potential for the Very Large Array (VLA) contributions during the coming maximum in solar activity is illustrated by unpublished observations of solar flares on 28 May, 8 June, 24 June, and 30 September 1988. Some of this data appears in the two papers by Willson et al., referenced in this article. The VLA can be used to spatially resolve flaring active regions and their magnetic fields. These results can be compared with simultaneous x ray and gamma ray observations from space. Examples are provided in which spatially separated radio sources are resolved for the pre-burst, impulsive and decay phases of solar flares. The emergence of precursor coronal loops probably triggers the release of stored magnetic energy in adjacent coronal loops. Noise storm enhancements can originate in large-scale coronal loops on opposite sides of the visible solar disk. An interactive feedback mechanism may exist between activity in high-lying 90 cm coronal loops and lower-lying 20 cm ones.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Max '91 Workshop 2: Developments in Observations and Theory for Solar Cycle 22; p 110-118
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-04-02
    Description: The Fe K-alpha and K-beta X-ray lines (wavelengths 1.94 and 1.76 A) in the solar X-ray spectrum are formed by fluoroescence of photospheric iron atoms, and the ratio of the intensity of either to the He-like iron (Fe XXV) resonance line at 1.85 A is a function of the photospheric-to-coronal abundance of iron. The temperature dependence of this ratio is weak as long as the flare temperature T(sub e) greater than or approximately equal to 15 x 10(exp 6)K. Comparison of the theoretical value of this intensity ratio with observations from crystal spectrometers on Yohkoh, Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) and P78-1 are consistent with the photospheric abundance of Fe being equal to the coronal.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 15; 7; p. (7)33-(7)36
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Very Large Array (VLA) was used to observe the active region AT 4508 in the C-configuration between 1530 and 2330 UT on June 4, 1984. The position of this region was N06 E57 at 1300 UT on this day. Followup observations were made between 1500 and 2300 UT on January 17, 1986 in the D-configuration. Observations were compared with Mt. Wilson magnetograms. Results are discussed.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Coronal and Prominence Plasmas; p 353-357
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  • 4
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The current understanding of the quiescent, or non-flaring, microwave emission from solar active regions is summarized. The thermal radiation mechanisms that account for most of the quiescent emission is reviewed, while it is also pointed out that current-amplified magnetic fields or non-thermal radiation may be required in some instances. The 20 cm radiation of coronal loops and the thermal cyclotron lines that accurately specify their magnetic field strength are discussed. The 20 cm and X ray emission of the coronal plasma are then compared. The coronae of nearby stars is next discussed, where coherent radiation processes seem to prevail. Some thoughts toward directions for future exploration are given.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Coronal and Prominence Plasmas; p 303-317
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  • 5
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This is an introduction to this part of the proceedings and an overview of coronal diagnostics. The current understanding of coronal loops is summarized. Included are observations from ground-based radio telescopes and from X ray telescopes lofted above the atmosphere, as well as theoretical interpretations of these observations. Also included in these introductory remarks is a discussion of the three dimensional structure of coronal loops. Alternative radiation mechanisms are then described within the context of both the radio and X ray emission. Various methods of determining the strength and structure of the coronal magnetic field are then described, followed by the coronae of nearby stars and future prospects for radio diagnostic of coronal loops.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Coronal and Prominence Plasmas; p 279-289
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Advances in ground based Very Large Array (VLA) observations of the Sun, and how they complement and extend EUV and X-ray observations from space are reviewed. The VLA provides high resolution, full disk images that include hot, dense coronal loops within individual active regions (at 20 cm), and cooler, higher, more extended structures (at 90 cm) that can connect widely separated active regions, describe high lying noise storms, or act as a transition sheath between cool dark filaments and the hot enveloping corona. VLA images of both cool and hot corona loops can be compared with data from most of the SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) instruments, thereby enhancing the scientific return of the SOHO mission beyond that expected from using its instruments alone.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the First SOHO Workshop: Coronal Streamers, Coronal Loops, and Coronal and Solar Wind Composition; p 361-365
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  • 7
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: VLA observations at 20 cm wavelength specify the brightness temperature and magnetic structure of plasma constrained within coronal loops in solar active regions. Comparisons with simultaneous SMM observations at soft X-ray wavelengths lead to measurements of physical parameters like electron density, electron temperature and magnetic field strength. Such comparisons also indicate coronal loops can be detected at either radio X-ray wavelengths while remaining invisible in the other spectral domain and that the dominant radiation mechanisms can be thermal bremsstrahlung or thermal gyroresonance radiation. VLA observations at the longer 90 cm wavelength reveal the thermal emission of a hot transition sheath enveloping a cooler, underlying H alpha filament seen in absorption. The 20 cm VLA observations indicate that the precursor, impulsive and post-flare components of solar flares originate in spatially separated and resolved sources. The 90 cm VLA data indicate that time-correlated radio bursts can occur in active regions on opposite sides of the solar equator. These regions are apparently linked by large scale, trans-equatorial magnetic loops at least 2.6 x 10(exp 5) km (or 6 feet) long; these loops act as magnetic conduits for relativistic electrons moving at one-third the velocity of light.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results are reported for observations of a quiet region at the center of the sun with an interferometer operating at a wavelength of 8.33 mm and with an east-west baseline giving a maximum angular resolution of 28 arcsec. It is found that strong fluctuations occur over time scales of approximately 10 to 30 min and dominate the data at large hour angles, that smaller and more rapid fluctuations in both amplitude and phase are detected at all hour angles, and that the strong fluctuations are consistent with those that may be produced by the natural time variation of the fringe pattern during observation of a fixed source distribution. The weaker and more rapid fluctuations are tentatively attributed to antenna-tracking variations and the observation of features in a greatly extended source. The results are compared directly with those of two other interferometric studies of the quiet sun at millimeter wavelengths.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 228
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Interferometric observations of the sun at wavelengths of 3.7 and 11 cm show that small-scale, quasi-periodic radio emission is coming from the sun. The periods occur in a band of periods with a midband frequency of 3.75 mHz and a bandwidth of 2.5 mHz. The peak-to-peak fluctuations in brightness temperature, lie between 4,000 and 500,000 K. The radio emission is less than about 10% linearly or circularly polarized; the angular size of the emitting regions is of the order of 10 seconds. The radio emission originates at the base of the chromosphere-corona transition region at approximately 2200 km above the level at which the optical depth at 5000 A is unity.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 15
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Imaging observations at decimetric and metric wavelengths of the solar corona are used to investigate a short-lasting noise storm and the associated changes of the underlying active-region plasma. It is shown that a new source appears in the active region in close temporal and spatial coincidence with the onset of the noise storm in the middle corona. The onset of the noise storm is delayed at longer wavelengths. At a given wavelength, the noise-storm source undergoes a systematic slow movement with a significant component perpendicular to the magnetic-field lines above the active region. The observations are tentatively attributed to the emission of nonthermal electrons in a system of expanding coronal loops, the expansion being initiated by the appearance of the new 21-cm source in the low atmosphere. The derived velocity of expansion is about 80 to 150 km/s. The electrons emitting the noise storm cannot be provided by the high-energy tail of the Maxwellian in the new active region source, but originate either from a nonthermal population in this source or from acceleration at higher altitudes, in the structures which give rise to the noise storm.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 251; 1
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