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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (103)
  • SOLAR PHYSICS  (46)
  • 1980-1984  (149)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1980  (149)
  • 1
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    Hercules X-1 hard X-ray pulsations observed from HEAO 1 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The 1.24-sec pulsations of Her X-1 in the energy range 13-75 keV have been analyzed in data obtained from the UCSD/MIT experiment on HEAO 1 during observations of the source on three dates in February 1978 and three in August 1978. Observational results are (1) the main pulse broadens somewhat with increasing energy; (2) the pulsation light curve undergoes pronounced changes at the leading edge of the main pulse from day to day; (3) spectral hardening within the main pulse is confirmed; (4) a 40-60 keV spectral feature in the spectrum is confirmed; (5) this feature is resolved, the pulse width broadening is greater than 20%, and its centroid varies with pulsation phase; and (6) the 13-75 keV spectrum does not noticeably vary from day to day, except for an overall intensity factor. Some implications of these results for the prevailing models of Her X-1 and the HZ Her-Her X-1 system are briefly discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 240
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    HEAO 1 observations of gamma-ray lines from a solar flare (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: HEAO 1 observed gamma radiation, including the 2.223 MeV line of deuterium and the 4.43 MeV line of C-12, from a white-light solar flare of 1978 July 11. Line strengths over a 4 minute integration were 1.00 + or - 0.29 and 0.18 + or - 0.07 photons/sq cm s, respectively, and the continuum in the 1-5 MeV range fitted a spectrum 10 E to the -3rd photons/sq cm s keV. The 2.2 MeV line lagged 94 + or - 30 s behind the gamma-ray continuum, which itself was delayed about 20 s from the hard X-ray (not less than 40 keV) and microwave fluxes. This is the second flare for which both MeV-range lines and continuum have been observed, and the first for which simultaneous white-light observations exist. The prompt gamma-ray line (4.43 MeV) can be directly interpreted as an energy deposition of not greater than 7 x 10 to the 26th ergs per sec by energetic protons at photospheric depths. This is insufficient to maintain the white-light continuum by normal photospheric emission mechanisms.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 236
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Binary model of Circinus X-1. I - Eccentricity from combined X-ray and radio observations (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A binary star model is used to account for the 16.59-d flaring behavior of the X-ray emission from Circinus X-1. The orbital eccentricity of 0.8 + or - 0.1 is derived from the X-ray light curve by assuming that the sharp X-ray cut-off every 16.59-d is a result of bound-free absorption in the primary star's stellar wind. The shape of the light curve has changed over the last eight years, and this is interpreted as due to orbital precession of the binary system. Simultaneous radio and X-ray observations of the flare from Circinus X-1 on February 1-5, 1978 are reported. These are accounted for within the framework of the model. The radio observations at 5 GHz are used independently to derive a high value of the orbital eccentricity (e = 0.7).
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 86; 3, Ju; July 198
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Interplanetary sector boundaries 1971-1973 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The large-scale morphology and internal structure of sector boundaries (SB) are investigated, using observations at 1 AU of interplanetary SB crossings. It was found that the durations of the SBs were either relatively short (less than about 10 min) or relatively long (longer than about 3 hours). Using the minimum variance technique, it was found that the SB surfaces were inclined appreciably with respect to the ecliptic at this epoch of the solar cycle (1971-1973). Magnetic holes were found in thick SBs at a rate about three times that elsewhere. In addition, an analysis of tangential discontinuities showed that their orientations were generally not related to the orientations of the SB surface, but their characteristics were very similar to those for discontinuities outside the SBs.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; May 1
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Measurements of coronal kinetic temperatures from 1.5 to 3 solar radii (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A rocket-borne Lyman-alpha coronagraph has been used to make the first measurements of the spectral line profile of resonantly scattered hydrogen Lyman-alpha coronal radiation between 1.5 and 3 solar radii. These data provide, for the first time, direct measurements of coronal temperatures above 1.5 solar radii. Data were obtained in a coronal hole, quiet region, and streamer. The widths of the profiles from the quiet region decrease with height and correspond to a steady decrease in hydrogen kinetic temperature, with increasing radius, from about 2.5 million K at r = 2 solar radii to about 1 million K at r = 9 solar radii. In the coronal hole the measured line widths indicate a kinetic temperature of 1.8 million K at r = 2.5 solar radii.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 241
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    The contribution of young galaxies to the X-ray background (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The contribution of young galaxies to the diffuse X-ray background is estimated and two mechanisms by which young galaxies may emit hard X-rays are considered. The first mechanism is direct thermal bremsstrahlung emission from a hot galactic wind powered by supernovae. Estimating mass-loss rates from galaxies by arguments based on metallicity and on the X-ray spectroscopic observations of rich clusters, it is shown that galactic winds may contribute substantially to the background. The second mechanism relies on the decreased metallicity of young galaxies to increase the number of supergiant stars and hence the numbers of hard X-ray binaries. This effect quantitatively explains the relatively large X-ray luminosity of the Magellanic clouds and also indicates that binaries in young galaxies may contribute a significant fraction of the diffuse X-ray background. Both mechanisms require that the epoch of galaxy formation be recent (redshift less than 2-3) in order to account for the observed spectral temperature (45 keV) of the hard X-ray background.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 237
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Ultraviolet spectrum synthesis of the helium white dwarf Ross 640 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The UV spectrum of the He-rich white dwarf Ross 640 was used to derive Mg, Si, and Fe abundances by a spectrum synthesis technique. The values obtained were: Mg/He = 6.8 x 10 to the -8th; Si/He = 3.2 x 10 to the -8th; Ca/He = 7.6 x 10 to the -10th; and Fe/He = 2.0 x 10 to the -9th. The abundances indicate the operation of diffusion processes within a helium-rich atmosphere, provided some mechanism exists to deposit metals in the observable layers.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 238
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  • 8
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    Emission measures derived from far ultraviolet spectra of T Tauri stars (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Spectroscopic diagnostics based on UV emission line observations have been developed to study the solar chromosphere, transition region, and corona. The atmospheric properties that can be inferred from observations of total line intensities include the temperature, by identifying the ionic species present; the temperature distribution of the emission measure, from the absolute intensities; and the electron density of the source, from line intensity ratios sensitive to the electron density. In the present paper, the temperature distribution of the emission measure is estimated from observations of far UV emission line fluxes of the T Tauri stars, RW Aurigae and RU Lupi, made on the IUE. A crude estimate of the electron density of one star is obtained, using density-sensitive line ratios.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 238
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Statistical evaluation of gamma-ray line observations (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The statistical reliability of reported positive observations of solar and cosmic gamma-ray lines has been evaluated. The relative probability that each measurement is due to a real source rather than to an accidental fluctuation in the background has been determined, and it is found that the results are statistically compelling in only a small fraction of the reported observations. At present, extreme caution must be exercised in drawing astrophysical conclusions from reports of the detection of cosmic gamma-ray lines.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 242
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  • 10
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    X-ray emission from the winds of hot stars (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A phenomenological theory is proposed for the structure of the unstable line-driven winds of early-type stars. These winds are conjectured to break up into a population of blobs that are being radiatively driven through, and confined by ram pressure of an ambient gas that is not itself being radiatively driven. Radiation from the bow shocks preceding the blobs can account for the X-ray luminosity of zeta Puppis. The theory breaks down when used to model the much lower density wind of tau Scorpii, for then the blobs are destroyed by heat conduction from shocked gas. This effect explains why the profiles of this star's UV resonance lines depart from classical P Cygni form.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 241
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