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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Rhizobium/Azotobacter and Rhizobium/Azospirillum combined inoculation on mineral composition of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Azotobacter ; Azospirillum ; Rhizobium ; Vicia faba L. ; Legume inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Mixed inoculation of Vicia faba L. with four different Rhizobium/Azospirillum and Rhizobium/Azotobacter combinations led to changes in total content, concentration and/or distribution of the mineral macro- and micronutrients, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, B, Mn, Zn and Cu, when compared with plants inoculated with Rhizobium only. The effects varied to a great extent among the Azotobacter and Azospirillum strains selected for combined inoculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050540
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellulase production by Rhizobium (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 80 (1984), S. 407-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cellulase ; Infection process ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The production of cellulase byRhizobium species was studied.Rhizobium trifolii cellulase was induced by a variety of polysaccharides, including celluloses and hemicelluloses. Cellobiose and myo-inositol also allowed enzyme expression but mannitol prevented it at concentrations higher than 0.25%. Both soluble and insoluble plant root substances moderately stimulated cellulase production byRhizobium trifolii. Most substances tested did not induce the production of cellulases by the “slow-growing, cowpea type” rhizobia strain CIAT 79. Effective inducers were carboxymethylcellulose, gluconate and myo-inositol. Cellulase production was very low under all conditions tested. In most cases the enzyme activity was loosely bound to the capsular material. The enzyme in fast-growers is an 1,4-β-D-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase (endo-glucanase EC 3.2.1.4) with specificity for high molecular weight polysaccharides. There was no correlation between infectiveness ofRhizobium trifolii strains and cellulase production. One strain, which lacks the nodulation plasmid, produced cellulase at the same rate as its parental infective strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02140047
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhizobium phaseoli: A molecular genetics view (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 108 (1988), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; genomic rearrangements ; molecular genetics ; Rhizobium ; strains instability ; symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We have used molecular genetics techniques to analyze the structural and functional organization of genetic information ofRhizobium phaseoli, the symbiont of the common bean plantPhaseolus vulgaris. As in otherRhizobium species, the genome consists of the chromosome and plasmids of high molecular weight. Symbiotic determinants, nitrogen fixation genes as well as nodulation genes, are localized on a single replicon, the symbiotic (sym) plasmid. Thesym plasmid of differentR. phaseoli strains was transferred to anAgrobacterium tumefaciens strain cured of its native plasmids. In all cases, Agrobacterium transconjugants able to nodulate bean plants were obtained. Some of the transconjugants had the capacity to elicit an effective symbiosis. The genome ofR. phaseoli is complex, containing a large amount of reiterated DNA sequences. In mostR. pahseoli strains one of such reiterated DNA families corresponds to the nitrogenase structural genes (nif genes). A functional analysis of these genes suggested that the presence of reiteratednif genesis is related to the capacity of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the symbiotic state. The presence of several repeated sequences in the genome might provide sites for recombination, resulting in genomic rearrangements. By analyzing direct descendants of a single cell in the laboratory, evidence of frequent genomic rearrangements inR. phaseoli was found. We propose that genomic rearrangements constitute the molecular basis of the frequent variability and loss of symbiotic properties in different Rhizobium strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent developments inRhizobium taxonomy (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 161 (1994), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; genetic diversity ; Rhizobium ; systematics ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Recent developments inRhizobium taxonomy are presented from a molecular and evolutionary point of view. Analyses of ribosomal RNA gene sequences provide a solid basis to infer phylogenies in the Rhizobiaceae family. These studies confirmed thatRhizobium andBradyrhizobium are only distantly related and showed thatRhizobium andBradyrhizobium are related to other groups of bacteria that are not plant symbionts.Rhizobium andAgrobacterium species are intermixed. Differences in plasmid content may explain to a good extent the different behavior ofRhizobium andAgrobacterium as symbionts or pathogens. Other approaches to identify and classify bacteria such as DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, RFLP and RPD-PCR techniques and phylogenies derived from other genes are in general agreement to the groupings derived by ribosomal sequences. Only a small proportion of nodulated legumes have been sampled for their symbionts and more knowledge is required on the systematics and taxonomy ofRhizobium andBradyrhizobium species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183081
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sucrose transport and hydrolysis inRhizobium tropici (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 161 (1994), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: catabolite ; repression ; Rhizobium ; sucrose ; transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract TheRhizobium tropici strain CFN 299 was maintained on PY medium and was grown in minimal medium (MM) with sucrose, glucose, fructose and glutamate (or their combination) as carbon sources. Bacteria were able to simultaneously use different carbon sources and, with a combination sucrose and glutamate, the growth rate was faster than with either carbon source alone. Sucrose transport was induced by sucrose and partially repressed by glucose and glutamate if they were included in MM as additional carbon sources. The transport of sucrose was active because both an uncoupler (dinitrophenol, DNP) and inhibitors of terminal oxidation (KCN, NaN3) severely reduced sucrose uptake. Sucrose transport was also sensitive to a functional sulfhydryl reagent but was much less sensitive to EDTA and arsenate. We obtained nonlinear Lineweaver-Burk plots for the uptake of sucrose (by sucrose-grown bacteria), and this implied the existence of at least two uptake mechanisms. Invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) is the main enzyme for sucrose hydrolysis in this organism. This enzyme was induced by sucrose and had high activity in mid-log phase cells when sucrose was the sole carbon source (0.2%). Invertase activity was not detected in growth medium. In general, the results obtained support the idea, thatR. tropici is adapted to sucrose utilization and to multicarbon nutrition during its interaction with plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183088
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