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  • 1
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    Supporting the Future Air Traffic Control Projection Process (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: In air traffic control, projecting what the air traffic situation will be over the next 30 seconds to 30 minutes is a key process in identifying conflicts that may arise so that evasive action can be taken upon discovery of these conflicts. A series of field visits in the Boston and New York terminal radar approach control (TRACON) facilities and in the oceanic air traffic control facilities in New York and Reykjavik, Iceland were conducted to investigate the projection process in two different ATC domains. The results from the site visits suggest that two types of projection are currently used in ATC tasks, depending on the type of separation minima and/or traffic restriction and information display used by the controller. As technologies improve and procedures change, care should be taken by designers to support projection through displays, automation, and procedures. It is critical to prevent time/space mismatches between interfaces and restrictions. Existing structure in traffic dynamics could be utilized to provide controllers with useful behavioral models on which to build projections. Subtle structure that the controllers are unable to internalize could be incorporated into an ATC projection aid.
    Keywords: Research and Support Facilities (Air)
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Identification of Communication and Coordination Issues in the US Air Traffic Control System (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Today's air traffic control system is approaching the point of saturation, as evidenced by increasing delays across the National Airspace System (NAS). There exists an opportunity to enhance NAS efficiency and reduce delays by improving strategic communication throughout the ATC system. Although several measures have been taken to improve communication (e.g., Collaborative Decision Making tools), communication issues between ATC facilities remain. It is hypothesized that by identifying the key issues plaguing inter-facility strategic communication, steps can be taken to enhance these communications, and therefore ATC system efficiency. In this report, a series of site visits were performed at Boston and New York ATC facilities as well as at the Air Traffic Control System Command Center. The results from these site visits were used to determine the current communication and coordination structure of Traffic Management Coordinators, who hold a pivotal role in inter-facility communications. Several themes emerged from the study, including: ambiguity of organizational structure in the current ATC system, awkward coordination between ATC facilities, information flow issues, organizational culture issues, and negotiation behaviors used to cope with organizational culture issues.
    Keywords: Aircraft Communications and Navigation
    Type: ICAT-2001-2
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Structure, Intent and Conformance Monitoring in ATC (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Infield studies of current Air Traffic Control operations it is found that controllers rely on underlying airspace structure to reduce the complexity of the planning and conformance monitoring tasks. The structure appears to influence the controller's working mental model through abstractions that reduce the apparent cognitive complexity. These structure-based abstractions are useful for the controller's key tasks of planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating tactical situations. In addition, the structure-based abstractions appear to be important in the maintenance of Situation Awareness. The process of conformance monitoring is analyzed in more detail and an approach to conformance monitoring which utilizes both the structure-based abstractions and intent is presented.
    Keywords: Aircraft Communications and Navigation
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Multi-Agent Flight Simulation with Robust Situation Generation (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: A robust situation generation architecture has been developed that generates multi-agent situations for human subjects. An implementation of this architecture was developed to support flight simulation tests of air transport cockpit systems. This system maneuvers pseudo-aircraft relative to the human subject's aircraft, generating specific situations for the subject to respond to. These pseudo-aircraft maneuver within reasonable performance constraints, interact in a realistic manner, and make pre-recorded voice radio communications. Use of this system minimizes the need for human experimenters to control the pseudo-agents and provides consistent interactions between the subject and the pseudo-agents. The achieved robustness of this system to typical variations in the subject's flight path was explored. It was found to successfully generate specific situations within the performance limitations of the subject-aircraft, pseudo-aircraft, and the script used.
    Keywords: Research and Support Facilities (Air)
    Type: ASL-95-2
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    A Conceptual Design of a Departure Planner Decision Aid (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Terminal area Air Traffic Management handles both arriving and departing traffic. To date, research work on terminal area operations has focused primarily on the arrival flow and typically departures are taken into account only in an approximate manner. However, arrivals and departures are highly coupled processes especially in the terminal airspace, with complex interactions and sharing of the same airport resources between arrivals and departures taking place in practically every important terminal area. Therefore, the addition of automation aids for departures, possibly in co-operation with existing arrival flow automation systems, could have a profound contribution in enhancing the overall efficiency of airport operations. This paper presents the conceptual system architecture for such an automation aid, the Departure Planner (DP). This architecture can be used as a core in the development of decision-aiding systems to assist air traffic controllers in improving the performance of departure operations and optimize runway time allocation among different operations at major congested airports. The design of such systems is expected to increase the overall efficiency of terminal area operations and yield benefits for all stakeholders involved in Air Traffic Management (ATM) operations, users as well as service providers.
    Keywords: Aircraft Communications and Navigation
    Type: 3rd USA/Europe Air Traffic Management R and D Seminar; Jun 13, 2000 - Jun 16, 2000; Napoli; Italy|AIAA Progress in Aeronautics and Astronautics; 193
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    The Effect of Shared Information on Pilot/Controller and Controller/Controller Interactions (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The increased ability to exchange information between Pilots, Controllers, Dispatchers, and other agents is a key component of advanced Air Traffic Management. The importance of shared information as well as current and evolving practices in information sharing are presented for a variety of interactions including: Controller/Pilot interactions, Pilot/Airline interactions, Controller/Controller interactions, and Airline/ATM interactions.
    Keywords: Aircraft Communications and Navigation
    Type: 3rd USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar; Jun 13, 2000 - Jun 16, 2000; Naples; Italy
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Issues in Airborne Systems for Closely-Spaced Parallel Runway Operations (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Efforts to increase airport capacity include studies of aircraft systems that would enable simultaneous approaches to closely spaced parallel runways in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). The time-critical nature of a parallel approach results in key design issues for current and future collision avoidance systems. These issues are being studied in two ways. First, a part-task flight simulator study has examined the procedural and display issues inherent in such a time-critical task. Second, a prototype collision avoidance logic capable of generating this maneuver guidance has been designed using a recently developed methodology.
    Keywords: Aircraft Communications and Navigation
    Type: 14th AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionic Systems Conference; Nov 06, 1995 - Nov 09, 1995; Cambridge, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Implementation Issues for Departure Planning Systems (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The objective of the proposed effort is to investigate issues associated with the design and implementation of decision aiding tools to assist in improving the departure process at congested airports. This effort follows a preliminary investigation of potential Departure Planning approaches and strategies, which identified potential benefits in departure efficiency, and also in reducing the environmental impact of aircraft in the departure queue. The preliminary study bas based, in large part, on observations and analysis of departure processes at Boston, Logan airport. The objective of this follow-on effort is to address key implementation issues and to expand the observational base to include airports with different constraints and traffic demand. Specifically, the objectives of this research are to: (1) Expand the observational base to include airports with different underlying operational dynamics. (2) Develop prototype decision aiding algorithms/approaches and assess potential benefits. and (3) Investigate Human Machine Integration (HMI) issues associated with decision aids in tower environments.
    Keywords: Aircraft Communications and Navigation
    Format: application/pdf
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