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  • Reproduction  (2)
  • Baccharis  (1)
  • Biomass allocation  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase in transgenic tobacco transformed with “antisense” rbcS (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 190 (1993), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Biomass allocation ; Nicotiana ; Nitrogen nutrition ; Photosynthesis ; Relative growth rate ; Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) ; Transgenic plant (tobacco antisense DNA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Wild-type tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants and transgenic tobacco transformed with antisense rbcS to decrease expression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39) were grown at 300 mol-m−2 · s−1 irradiance and 20° C at either 0.1, 0.7 or 5 mM NH4NO3. In high nitrogen (N), growth was reduced in parallel with the inhibition of photosynthesis when Rubisco was decreased by genetic manipulation. In limiting N, photosynthesis was reduced strongly when Rubisco was decreased by genetic manipulation, but growth was hardly affected. At all N levels, decreased expression of Rubisco led to a decrease in the amount of starch accumulated in the leaves. There was a large increase of the specific leaf area (SLA; leaf area maintained per unit dry weight in the leaf) in plants with decreased Rubisco. Increased SLA was associated with an increased inorganic and a decreased carbon contribution to leaf structural dry weight. The increased SLA represents a more efficient investment of photosynthate with respect to maximisation of leaf area and light interception, and partly compensates for the decreased rate of photosynthesis in plants with decreased expression of Rubisco. The changes of starch content and SLA were particularly large in limiting N, when growth rate was effectively independent of the rate of photosynthesis. Increased N availability led to a large increase of the shoot/ root ratio, but only a small increase in SLA. It is argued that N availability and the availability of photosynthate both regulate storage and allocation of biomass to optimize resource utilization, but achieve this via different mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195668
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomass accumulation and resource utilization in co-occurring grassland annuals (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 555-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Serpentine ; Annuals ; Water-use ; Nitrogenuse ; Reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mediterranean-climate annuals growing on serpentine soils in central California differ greatly in their life spans and reproductive periods dependent on their access to soil moisture. The longer-lived annuals accumulate a greater lifetime biomass, have a higher total, but lower proportional, reproductive output, and produce leaves with a higher C/N ratios at the time of reproduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379903
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO2 alters water use, carbon gain, and yield for the dominant species in a natural grassland (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 98 (1994), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Annual grassland ; Avena barbata CO2 ; Reproduction ; Water relations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Global atmospheric CO2 is increasing at a rate of 1.5–2 ppm per year and is predicted to double by the end of the next century. Understanding how terrestrial ecosystems will respond in this changing environment is an important goal of current research. Here we present results from a field study of elevated CO2 in a California annual grassland. Elevated CO2 led to lower leaf-level stomatal conductance and transpiration (approximately 50%) and higher mid-day leaf water potentials (30–35%) in the most abundant species of the grassland, Avena barbata Brot. Higher CO2 concentrations also resulted in greater midday photosynthetic rates (70% on average). The effects of CO2 on stomatal conductance and leaf water potential decreased towards the end of the growing season, when Avena began to show signs of senescence. Water-use efficiency was approximately doubled in elevated CO2, as estimated by instantaneous gas-exchange measurements and seasonal carbon isotope discrimination. Increases in CO2 and photosynthesis resulted in more seeds per plant (30%) and taller and heavier plants (27% and 41%, respectively). Elevated CO2 also reduced seed N concentrations (9%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324212
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Community changes following shrub invasion of grassland (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 508-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Grassland ; Invasion ; Herbivory ; Seed production ; Baccharis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We studied the development of the shrub Baccharis pilularis ssp consanguinea and its effects on herbs of the annual grassland in Northern California. A series of shands of Baccharis was sampled of ages ranging from 1 yr to〉9 yr, representing most of the life cycle of the shrub. In each stand we examined shrub biomass, structure and litterfall. We also determined cover and biomass of all herbaceous species and estimated seed production, seed rain and storage of seed in the soil. Abundances of all herbaceous species declined greatly after Baccharis formed a closed canopy at 2–3 yr, and little seed of herbaceous species was either dispersed into shrub stands or stored in the soil. Exclosures suggested that herbivory by small mammals in the closed shrub stands may be important in reducing the abundance of herbaceous species following shrub invasion of grassland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379896
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