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  • Articles  (196)
  • Rats  (196)
  • 1980-1984  (195)
  • 1970-1974  (1)
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  • Articles  (196)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1984-06-08
    Description: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent mitogen with hormonal activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Material cross-reacting with EGF was detected in the central nervous system of the developing and adult albino rat by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. High concentrations of EGF-cross-reacting material were identified in forebrain and midbrain structures of pallidal areas of the brain. These include the globus pallidus, ventral pallidum, entopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the islands of Calleja . Thus, EGF may represent another gut-brain peptide with potential neurotransmitter-neuromodulator functions in pallidal structures of the extrapyramidal motor systems of the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fallon, J H -- Seroogy, K B -- Loughlin, S E -- Morrison, R S -- Bradshaw, R A -- Knaver, D J -- Cunningham, D D -- GM31609/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS16017/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS19964/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1107-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6144184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/growth & development/*physiology ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*physiology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Globus Pallidus/physiology ; Mitogens/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1984-02-17
    Description: The effect of hypoxic exposure on various mitochondrial enzymes and on cell mitochondrial genomic content was studied in two types of mammalian cells. Hypoxia depressed the activity of six enzymes to the same degree. The kinetics of depression and of recovery during reexposure to normoxia were statistically similar for three marker enzymes. Despite the global and symmetrical decrease in enzyme activities, mitochondrial DNA remained constant. This suggests either symmetrical loss of mitochondrial enzymes from all mitochondria or complete loss of enzymes from a subpopulation of mitochondria with retention of an intact mitochondrial genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, B J -- Robin, E D -- Tapper, D P -- Wong, R J -- Clayton, D A -- 5 R01 HL23701-14/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 17;223(4637):707-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6320368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Anoxia/physiopathology ; Citrate (si)-Synthase/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics/*metabolism ; Macrophages/*enzymology ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*enzymology ; Mitochondria, Muscle/*enzymology ; Oxidoreductases/genetics/*metabolism ; Oxo-Acid-Lyases/*metabolism ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: Long-term infusion of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol into the third ventricle of the rat brain caused a stabilization of body weight at a lower than normal level. Among the glucose- and glycerol-treated animals this weight loss was caused in part by temporary hypophagia. Among the animals treated with beta-hydroxybutyrate the weight loss was unaccompanied by a reduction in food intake. The results are consistent with the view that the systems controlling food intake and body weight are sensitive to the availability of brain fuels. They are not consistent however, with the view that these control systems monitor calories independently of their source.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, J D -- Wirtshafter, D -- Asin, K E -- Brief, D -- AM 26030/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):81-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7193909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid ; Animals ; *Appetite Regulation/drug effects ; *Body Weight/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm ; Drinking/drug effects ; *Eating/drug effects ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; Glycerol/*pharmacology ; Hydroxybutyrates/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Male ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1982-02-26
    Description: The glucagon analog [l-N alpha-trinitrophenylhistidine, 12-homoarginine]-glucagon (THG) was examined for its ability to lower blood glucose concentrations in rats made diabetic with streptozotocin. In vitro, THG is a potent antagonist of glucagon activation of the hepatic adenylate cyclase assay system. Intravenous bolus injections of THG caused rapid decreases (20 to 35 percent) of short duration in blood glucose. Continuous infusion of low concentrations of the inhibitor led to larger sustained decreases in blood glucose (30 to 65 percent). These studies demonstrate that a glucagon receptor antagonist can substantially reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic animals without addition of exogenous insulin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, D G -- Goebel, C U -- Hruby, V J -- Bregman, M D -- Trivedi, D -- AM21085/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM25318/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 26;215(4536):1115-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6278587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*drug therapy ; Glucagon/*analogs & derivatives/*antagonists & inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Hyperglycemia/*drug therapy ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*drug effects ; Receptors, Glucagon ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: The release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) from tissue from the mediobasal hypothalamic-anterior hypothalamic-preoptic area of prepuberal female rats was measured in a perfusion system. Measurements were also made of the concentrations of LHRH in these tissue fragments and of luteinizing hormone in serum obtained when the rats were killed. Four groups of immature rats were studied: intact, ovariectomized, ovariectomized and implanted with estradiol-containing capsules, and ovariectomized rats primed with estradiol and injected with progesterone. The release of LHRH from the tissue of ovariectomized animals was significantly less than that of intact females and was not modified when the ovariectomized rats received estradiol. However, there was a four- to fivefold increase in LHRH release from tissue of ovariectomized rats primed with estradiol when they were killed 6 hours after they received an injection of progesterone. The concentrations of LHRH in tissue and of luteinizing hormone in serum varied among groups and with the time of day that the animals were killed. The interactions among luteinizing hormone, gonadal steroids, and the photoperiod seem to set the appropriate conditions for neural processes triggering a complete and normal release of luteinizing hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramirez, V D -- Dluzen, D -- Lin, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1037-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6990489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Circadian Rhythm ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*metabolism ; Hypothalamus/*metabolism ; Hypothalamus, Anterior/metabolism ; Light ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Preoptic Area/metabolism ; Progesterone/*pharmacology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: An analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing a gamma-lactam as a conformational constraint has been prepared with the use of a novel cyclization of a methionine sulfonium salt. The analog is more active as a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist that the parent hormone, and provides evidence for a bioactive conformation containing a beta-turn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freidinger, R M -- Veber, D F -- Perlow, D S -- Brooks, J R -- Saperstein, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):656-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; *Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lactams ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: A new dopamine analog, 6,7-dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin (TL-99), was compared to apomorphine in three tests of dopaminergic function in the central nervous system. The tests, performed on rats, included production of changes in locomotor activity (involving both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors), inhibition of dopa accumulation (quantifying presynaptic receptor activity), and the rotation model (quantifying postsynaptic receptor activation). Apomorphine was efficacious at both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors, whereas TL-99 was much more efficacious at the presynaptic receptor. This result indicates not only that differences exist between presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine receptors, but also that these differences may be exploited in the design of selective dopamine agonists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodale, D P -- Rusterholz, D B -- Long, J P -- Flynn, J R -- Walsh, B -- Cannon, J G -- Lee, T -- GM 12675/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-22365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1141-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects ; Levodopa/metabolism ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Naphthols ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects ; Synaptic Membranes/*drug effects ; *Tetrahydronaphthalenes
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: Rats and guinea pigs, when immunized with mouse nerve growth factor, produce antibodies that cross-react with their own nerve growth factor. The antibodies reach developing offspring of these animals both prenatally (rats and guinea pigs) and postnatally (rats). Depriving the fetus of nerve growth factor in this way results in the destruction of up to 85 percent of dorsal root ganglion neurons as well as destruction of sympathetic neurons. Sensory neurons of placodal origin in the nodose ganglion were not affected. These data demonstrate that dorsal root ganglion neurons go through a phase of nerve growth factor dependence in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, E M Jr -- Gorin, P D -- Brandeis, L D -- Pearson, J -- HD12260/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL20604/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):916-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology/*embryology/growth & development ; Guinea Pigs ; Lactation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Milk/immunology ; Nerve Growth Factors/*immunology ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1980-08-08
    Description: There is less hyperactive motor activity and better avoidance performance in rat pups treated with 6-hydroxydopamine as neonates and reared with vehicle-treated littermates than in pups reared in litters composed solely of other 6-hydroxydopamine-treated animals. Thus, in this experimental model of hyperactivity, an environmental manipulation provides an alternative to pharmacologic agents in reducing activity and improving learning performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, D E -- Teicher, M H -- Shaywitz, B A -- Cohen, D J -- Young, J G -- Anderson, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 8;209(4457):715-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; *Body Weight/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Catecholamines/metabolism ; *Environment ; Hydroxydopamines/*pharmacology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1983-03-25
    Description: Microinfusions of rat prolactin into the dorsal midbrain of estrogen-treated, ovariectomized rats increased lordosis behavior. Midbrain microinfusions of antiserum to prolactin into rats displaying maximum lordosis had the opposite effect. The distribution of a prolactin-like substance in the brain was studied immunocytochemically. The results suggest that a hypothalamic neuronal system projecting to the midbrain contains a prolactin-like substance that plays a role in facilitating this behavior and therefore may mediate some of the effects of estrogen on the brain. These data, together with others from studies of the prolactin gene and its regulation, indicate that it may be possible to analyze a sequence of molecular events in the brain that facilitate a behavioral response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harlan, R E -- Shivers, B D -- Pfaff, D W -- HD-05585/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-05737/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Castration ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects/*physiology ; Cosyntropin/pharmacology ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Growth Hormone/pharmacology ; Immune Sera ; Kinetics ; Mesencephalon/*physiology ; Oxytocin/pharmacology ; Posture ; Prolactin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Vasopressins/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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