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  • 1
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: chiral HPLC ; principal component analysis (PCA) ; hierarchical clustering ; hydrogen bonding ability ; solvation of carbamate phases ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chromatographic resolution of 12 derivatives in the 4a-methyl-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-fluorene and 4a-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrofluoren-9-one series differing by the framework around position 9 and substitution in position 6, are reported on Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AD, and Chiralpak AS under two elution conditions and according to the two classes of enantiomers. Results from principal component analysis (PCA) as well as hierarchical clustering show a clustering of the actual compounds depending on properties around position 9, the effect of the substituent in position 6 (methyl, chloro or fluoro) not being strong enough to intermesh the data. Carbamate phases show very different properties when they are used in the separation of a series of ketones C and α-chloroketones D, which differ in basicity and the steric requirement around the carbonyl. Analysis of the effect of 2-PrOH content in hexane on the retention is consistent with a large difference in solvation of the carbamate moiety by 2-PrOH, in the order Chiralcel OD 〉 Chiralpak AD 〉 Chiralpak AS. 4a-Methyl-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-fluorene derivatives, which lack hydrogen bonding sites, are not discriminated on these CSPs and show identical k′ responses to 2-PrOH content changes on the three CSPs. Chirality 10:770-777, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: chiral HPLC ; solvent effect ; quantitative substituent effects ; molecular recognition mechanism ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A two level full factorial design has been applied to quantify the effect of three selected structural parameters on the capacity factors and chiral separation of atropisomers in N-arylthiazoline-2-(thi)-ones derivatives on tris(p-methylbenzoyl) cellulose beads. The behavior of the two enantiomers is influenced by different factors which might result from different retention sites within the same stationary phase. It appears that the two enantiomers behave independently on the CSP, the order of elution and separation being controlled by a minor steric modification in a very precise location in the molecule for one enantiomer. The methodology of the experimental design allows the comparison of equations generated from data issued from designed compounds. These equations afford much more information than the step by step comparison of individual molecules. In our case, the tris(p-methylbenzoyl)cellulose beads and microcrystalline cellulose triacetate appear as complementary CSPs for the resolution of atropisomers of the series studied. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: enantiomer separation ; chiral recognition ; substructure search ; chemical information ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to cope with the increasing number of publications on the separation of enantiomers by chromatography on a chiral stationary phase, the graphical molecular database CHIRBASE was created. In the present state, the database package covers information (structural, bibiographic, and chromatographic data) on liquid-, supercritical fluid-, and gas chromatography; other methods will follow. CHIRBASE, running on the MDL software Chembase®, meets the requirements of contemporary information management in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. (Detailed information including a demo-version of each part of CHIRBASE can be obtained from the authors on request.) © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: chiral additive ; cyclodextrin ; RP-HPLC ; atropisomers ; experimental design ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of the position and type of the substituent on the chromatographic separation of N-arylthiazoline-2-thione and arylthiazoline-2-one atropisomers are described in reversed-phase HPLC using β- or -β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive. A quantitative approach to experimental design has been developed. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: chiral HPLC ; experimental design ; quantitative substituent effects ; recognition mechanism ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The determination of lipophilicity of the title compounds allowed treatment of the data for chiral separation (capacity factors) on CTA and CTPB according to these parameters. A linear correlation between In k′(+) and log k′w was found on both CTA and CTPB, as far as the substituents are situated in the plane of the aryl ring or the heterocycle. This correlation with a nonchiral descriptor allows treatment of capacity factors for (-)-enantiomers as deviations from the lipophilicity line or derived parallels. It results in a clear description of the molecular area affecting enantioselectivity. Application to larger alkyl derivatives shows that the effect of the substituent should be treated on a basis of attractive effect in the case of CTA and on the basis of attractive and repulsive effects for CTPB. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: axially chiral biphenyl ; rotational energy barrier ; enantiomeric separation ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; triacetylcellulose ; deracemization ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enantiomers of rac-2,2′-diiodobiphenyl were separated by liquid chromatography on microcrystalline triacetylcellulose. The conformational lability, a large separation factor α, and a suitable capacity factor k′(+) of this biphenyl allowed us to convert the racemate into 90% of enantiomerically pure (-)-2,2′-diiodobiphenyl and 10% of pure (+)-2,2′-diiodobiphenyl, respectively, by a series of in situ racemization-elution cycles. The much better retained (+)-enantiomer was racemized on the chromatographic column at 50°C after the less retained (-)-enantiomer has already been eluted at 8°C. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: chiral HPLC ; quantitative substituent effect ; recognition mechanism ; fluorene derivative-chiral separation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chromatographic parameters for 12 structurally related compounds in the 4a-methyl-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-fluorene and 4a-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydro-fluoren-9-one series are reported on CTA-I and Chiralcel OJ chiral stationary phases. Arrangement of the k' values according to configurationally related enantiomer series (Class I and Class II) and not according to the actual order of elution, allows the treatment of the data by linear correlation with structure and substituent effect. A detailed analysis of the capacity factor variation with respect to the structural changes shows clearly that the framework and substitution effects do not result in the same response on the two cellulose ester chiral stationary phases. More interestingly, it emerges that chiral discimination may be attributed to certain areas of the molecule, these areas being different in the interaction within CTA-I and Chiralcel OJ. Furthermore, our analysis points out the relevance of attempting to develop quantitative relationships for configurationally related series of enantiomers (in our case Class I and Class II), the main effort being devoted to the understanding of the capacity factor variation in each class rather than of the α values, which are derived entities. Chirality 10:522-527, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The barriers to rotation of the 3-substituent in six 3-RCH2-4-Me-δ4-thiazoline-2-thiones (R = Me, Et, Pr, Isobu, Isopr,t-Bu) and in two analogous methiodides have been measured by the 1H DNMR technique. The barriers are discussed in relation to the possible conformations of the transition states, and comparisons are made with barriers to rotation of the same substituents in other frameworks. It is concluded that the relative steric effects are strongly dependent on the framework and that, in general, a conformational analysis of the individual cases is necessary to understand the steric effects of alkyl groups.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The barriers to rotation of RCH2 groups (R = Me, Et and Isopr) as 3-substituents in 4-Me-δ4-thiazoline-2-thiones, their 4-t-Bu analogues, and the methiodides of the latter compounds have been studied by 1H DNMR and by molecular mechanics calculations. The barriers in the 4-t-Bu compounds are rather insensitive to the size of R, which is shown to be caused by strain in the ground state. More generally, it is shown that when δG
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Atropisomerism ; Conformation analysis ; Liquid chromatography ; Chiral resolution ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---A series of bis(oxo/thioxothiazolinyl) aromatic atropisomers with two chiral C(aryl)-N(heterocycle) axes was synthesized. The separation of antiparallel, parallel diastereomers was achieved by chromatography on silica. Conformational assignment for the bis-thione atropisomers 1a,b-4a,b and bis-one atropisomers 9a,b-12a,b was based on polarimetric results in analytical chiral chromatography on microcrystalline cellulose triacetate. The relationship conformation-1H NMR chemical shifts, found for the bis-thiones and bis-ones was successfully applied for the conformational assignment of thione-one atropisomers not assigned by chiral liquid chromatography.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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