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  • RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)  (9)
  • 1
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    Energy management and recovery (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Energy management is treated by first exploring the energy requirements for a cryogenic tunnel. The requirement is defined as a function of Mach number, Reynolds number, temperature, and tunnel size. A simple program and correlation is described which allow calculation of the energy required. Usage of energy is also addressed in terms of tunnel control and research operation. The potential of a new wet expander is outlined in terms of cost saved by reliquefying a portion of the exhaust. The expander is described as a potentially more efficient way of recovering a fraction of the cold nitrogen gas normally exhausted to the atmosphere from a cryogenic tunnel. The role of tunnel insulation systems is explored in terms of requirements, safety, cost, maintenance, and efficiency. A detailed description of two external insulation systems is given. One is a rigid foam with a fiber glass and epoxy shell. The other is composed of glass fiber mats with a flexible outer vapor barrier; this system is nitrogen purged. The two systems are compared with the purged system being judged superior.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: AGARD, Special Course on Advances in Cryogenic Wind Tunnel Technology; 9 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Models for cryogenic wind tunnels (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Model requirements, types of model construction methods, and research in new ways to build models are discussed. The 0.3-m Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel was in operation for 16 years and many 2-D airfoil pressure models were tested. In addition there were airfoil models dedicated to transition detection techniques and other specialized research. There were also a number of small 3-D models tested. A chronological development in model building technique is described which led to the construction of many successful models. The difficulties of construction are illustrated by discussing several unsuccessful model fabrication attempts. The National Transonic Facility, a newer and much larger tunnel, was used to test a variety of models including a submarine, transport and fighter configurations, and the Shuttle Orbiter. A new method of building pressure models was developed and is described. The method is centered on the concept of bonding together plates with pressure channels etched into the bond planes, which provides high density pressure instrumentation with minimum demand on parent model material. With care in the choice of materials and technique, vacuum brazing can be used to produce strong bonds without blocking pressure channels and with no bonding voids between channels. Using multiple plates, a 5 percent wing with 96 orifices was constructed and tested in a transonic cryogenic wind tunnel. Samples of test data are presented and future applications of the technology are suggested.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: AGARD, Special Course on Advances in Cryogenic Wind Tunnel Technology; 14 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Test techniques for cryogenic wind tunnels (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Some of the testing techniques developed for transonic cryogenic tunnels are presented. Techniques are emphasized which required special development or were unique because of the opportunities offered by cryogenic operation. Measuring the static aerodynamic coefficients normally used to determine component efficiency is discussed. The first topic is testing of two dimensional airfoils at transonic Mach numbers and flight values of Reynolds number. Three dimensional tests of complete configurations and sidewall mounted wings are also described. Since flight Reynolds numbers are of interest, free transition must be allowed. A discussion is given of wind tunnel and model construction effects on transition location. Time dependent phenomena, fluid mechanics, and measurement techniques are examined. The time dependent, or unsteady, aerodynamic test techniques described include testing for flutter, buffet, and oscillating airfoil characteristics. In describing non-intrusive laser techniques, discussions are given regarding optical access, seeding, forward scatter lasers, two-spot lasers, and laser holography. Methods of detecting transition and separation are reported and a new type of skin friction balance is described.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: AGARD, Special Course on Advances in Cryogenic Wind Tunnel Technology; 12 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Magnets promise productivity (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The use of advanced magnetic suspension and balance systems (MSBS) in wind tunnels is examined. The advantages of MSBS are discussed, including accurate dynamic stability and free manipulation of the model aircraft allowing the free-flying model to respond dynamically to aerodynamic forces. Examples of wind tunnel tests employing MSBS are presented, including tests of a hypersonics parasol wing configuration and the simulation of the ejection of the crew-escape module from an aircraft.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X); 27; 34-36
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Potential benefits of magnetic suspension and balance systems (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The potential of Magnetic Suspension and Balance Systems (MSBS) to improve conventional wind tunnel testing techniques is discussed. Topics include: elimination of model geometry distortion and support interference to improve the measurement accuracy of aerodynamic coefficients; removal of testing restrictions due to supports; improved dynamic stability data; and stores separation testing. Substantial increases in wind tunnel productivity are anticipated due to the coalescence of these improvements. Specific improvements in testing methods for missiles, helicopters, fighter aircraft, twin fuselage transports and bombers, state separation, water tunnels, and automobiles are also forecast. In a more speculative vein, new wind tunnel test techniques are envisioned as a result of applying MSBS, including free-flight computer trajectories in the test section, pilot-in-the-loop and designer-in-the-loop testing, shipboard missile launch simulation, and optimization of hybrid hypersonic configurations. Also addressed are potential applications of MSBS to such diverse technologies as medical research and practice, industrial robotics, space weaponry, and ore processing in space.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: NASA-TM-89079 , NAS 1.15:89079
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Aerodynamic testing in cryogenic nitrogen gas - A precursor to testing in superfluid helium (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: Testing techniques for transonic cryogenic tunnels using nitrogen as the test fluid are presented. The measurement of static aerodynamic coefficients used to determine component efficiency is discussed, focusing on tests of two-dimensional airfoils at transonic Mach numbers. Also, three-dimensional tests of complete configurations and sidewall mounted wings are examined. Consideration is given to time-dependent phenomena, fluid mechanics, nonintrusive laser techniques, the detection of transition and separation, and testing for flutter, buffet, and oscillating airfoil characteristics.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Magnetic suspension - Today's marvel, tomorrow's tool (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: NASA's Langley facility has through constant advocacy of magnetic suspension systems (MSSs) for wind-tunnel model positioning obtained a technology-development status for the requisite large magnets, computers, automatic control techniques, and apparatus configurations, to contemplate the construction of MSSs for large wind tunnels. Attention is presently given to the prospects for MSSs in wind tunnels employing superfluid helium atmospheres to obtain very high Reynolds numbers, where the MSS can yield substantial enhancements of wind tunnel productivity.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Cryogenic wind tunnels for high Reynolds number testing (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper begins with a brief review of cryogenic wind tunnels and their use for high Reynolds number testing. Emphasis is on operational experience and recent aerodynamic tesing in the NASA Langley 0.3-m Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT). Specific area covered in this paper include development of test techniques and aerodynamic testing in cryogenic tunnels. Details of research experience in developing model construction techniques, including airfoils as thin as 5 percent, are given. The use of advanced testing techniques to increase the value of cryogenic tunnels to the research community is recommended. These include adaptive wall test sections using solid but flexible top and bottom walls and magnetic suspension and balance systems.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: ICAS Congress; Aug 28, 1988; Jerusalem; Israel
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    A forecast of new test capabilities using Magnetic Suspension and Balance Systems (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper outlines the potential of Magnetic Suspension and Balance System (MSBS) technology to solve existing problems related to support interference in wind tunnels. Improvement of existing test techniques and exciting new techniques are envisioned as a result of applying MSBS. These include improved data accuracy, dynamic stability testing, two-body/stores release testing, and pilot/designer-in-the-loop tests. It also discusses the use of MSBS for testing exotic configurations such as hybrid hypersonic vehicles. A new facility concept that combines features of ballistic tubes, magnetic suspension, and cryogenic tunnels is described.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 88-2013 , Aerodynamic Testing Conference; May 18, 1988 - May 20, 1988; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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