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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the size and density of Carpinus betulus on the spatial distribution and rate of deletion of forest-floor species in thermophilous oak forest (1997)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 129 (1997), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Hornbeam invasion ; Oak-forest decline ; Potentillo albae-Quercetum ; Species deletion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The change in the species richness following a gradual invasion of Carpinus betulus in the patch of oak forest (Potentillo albae-Quercetum) in Białowieża was studied between years 1980 and 1994. Species richness and species deletion were compared to the spatial variation in the density and size of C. betulus individuals. The study showed that, in a microscale, (1) the rate of deletion of heliophilous species was similar to that of shade-tolerant ones and was c. 2 species per 4 m2 per 10 years, (2) species richness was negatively correlated with the density and size of C. betulus saplings recruited to the shrub layer, (3) species deletion was positively correlated with the number of saplings in the shrub layer. The results support the hypothesis that the invasion of C. betulus is a proximate cause of the decline of Potentillo albae-Quercetum, and in a microscale, it has three stages: (a) initial colonisation of the ground layer by the seedlings, (b) recruitment of juveniles to the shrub layer, deterioration of light conditions and rapid deletion of species, and (c) closure of the canopy and deletion of remaining heliophilous species and vulnerable shade-tolerant species. Nomenclature: follows Ehrendorfer (1973) and Matuszkiewicz (1981).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009708317294
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The size and diversity of the soil seed banks and the light requirements of the species in sunny and shady natural communities of the Białowieża Primeval Forest (1998)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 136 (1998), S. 105-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Białowieża primeval forest ; Light requirements of species ; Method of seedlings' emergence ; Potentillo albae-Quercetum ; Soil seed bank ; Tilio-Carpinetum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The research was conducted in two natural forest communities: Potentillo albae-Quercetum (‘oak forest’) which allows much light to reach the forest floor and Tilio-Carpinetum typicum (‘hornbeam forest’) which shades the herb layer heavily. The seed banks were estimated from numbers of seedlings emerging from soil samples over one growing season. (1) Our results confirm the hypothesis that persistent seed banks are mainly formed by species with high light requirements. Of the species found predominantly in the seed bank and absent from the herb layer or occurring there very rarely in both communities 83% of species and 70% of seedlings were strongly light-demanding (Ellenberg's light index 6–9). However, the results do not support the hypothesis that seed banks in natural deciduous forest communities are small, poor in species and do not reflect the species composition of herb layer. (2) The seed banks of both communities were rich in species and relatively large. Species richness in the oak forest turned out to be higher than in the hornbeam forest (51 vs 45 species/2.4 m2), but size was smaller (2659 vs 5789 seedlings/2.4 m2). In the oak forest the most abundant species in the seed bank was Galium boreale, but it constituted only 19% of the total number of seedlings, whereas in the hornbearn forest the dominant species, Urtica dioica, constituted 57% of the total. (3) In each community the species composition of the seed bank and the herb layer was very similar (〉70%). (4) The seed bank was more diverse in the oak forest than in the hornbeam forest (H′ 2.34 vs 1.68). (5) The seed banks of both communities differed in the contribution of species with varied light requirements; in the sunny oak forest species with high light requirements dominated, whereas in the shady hornbeam forest both strongly and moderately light-demanding species had similar contributions. Nomenclature: Follows Ehrendorfer (1973) and Matuszkiewicz (1981).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009750201803
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the species richness, spatial pattern and species frequency associated with the decline of oak forest (1994)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 112 (1994), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Bialowieża Forest ; Potentillo albae-Quercetum ; Shannon diversity and equitability index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the Bialowieża Primeval Forest a decrease in the extent of the Potentillo-albae Quercetum has been observed for the last few decades, both with regard to the number of stands and size of the remaining phytocoenoses. In this paper the decline of an oak forest stand is analysed in terms of species richness, species frequency, spatial pattern and proportion of various ecological groups in the patch. Investigations were carried out from 1969 to 1992 on a permanent plot of 512 square meters divided into 128 quadrats. During this period: 1) 60 species disappeared from the plot whereas only 4 species invaded it; 2) frequency of most species considerably decreased; 3) species diversity decreased; 4) spatial homogeneity of the patch increased; 5) the number of species per unit area markedly decreased; 6) domination structure changed: the proportion of hornbeam-forest species was constantly increasing, eventually reaching the value comparable to that recorded for hornbeam forests. Finally, the oak forest was replaced by a community resembling hornbeam forest, with a small proportion of heliophilous species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044691
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