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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 413-429 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Kristallisation ; Sphärolithwachstum ; Avrami-Gleichung ; Polypropylen ; Abkühlen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Numerous published data show that the Avrami-equation properly predicts the increase in crystallinity during crystallization of polymers only in the early stage of phase change. The assumptions on which the theory of this equation is based, are only partially valid for polymers. In the case of low molecular substances, the stop of spherulitic growth by impingement is equal to the end of phase change. In polymers, post-crystallization takes place during and still after cessation of spherulitic growth. Therefore we propose to introduce an additional term into the original rate of crystallization equation. The term has to satisfy certain conditions in order to describe the transition from spherulitic growth to post-crystallization. Among many possibilities one function was chosen as a correctional term. Its influence was illustrated using as example the crystallization of polypropylene. The superposability of the crystallization isotherms encouraged us to try calculations of non-isothermal crystallization. The results clearly show the influence of cooling rate on crystallization temperature and on the final crystallinity at room temperature. This is in qualitative agreement with experimental observation. With the modified equation of crystallization we now dispose of a semi-quantitative model for isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization. The model can be fitted easily to experimental data.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zahlreiche Angaben in der Literatur zeigen, daß die Avrami-Gleichung die Zunahme der Kristallinität bei der Kristallisation von Polymeren nur zu Beginn der Umwandlung ausreichend gut beschreibt. Die Voraussetzungen, die der Kristallisationsgleichung zugrunde liegen, sind bei Polymeren nur teilweise erfüllt. Bei niedermolekularen Stoffen kann das Ende des Sphärolithwachstums durch gegenseitige Behinderung der Sphärolithe mit der Beendigung der Phasenumwandlung gleichgesetzt werden. Bei Polymeren findet aber auch noch nach dem Ende des Sphärolithwachstums eine sogenannte „Nachkristallisation” statt. Es wurde deshalb vorgeschlagen, in dei Gleichung der ursprünglichen Theorie für die Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit bei vollständiger Phasenum-wandlung einen zusätzlichen Term einzuführen. Dieser Term muß bestimmte Bedingungen erfüllen, um vom Wachstum der Sphärolithhüllen in die Nachkristallisation überleiten zu können. Von zahlreichen Möglichkeiten wurde eine Funktion für den Korrekturterm gewählt und ihr Einfluß am Beispiel der Kristallisation von Polypropylen aufgezeigt. Die Superponierbarkeit von Kurven der isothermen Kristallisation ermutigte zu Berechnungen der nicht-isothermen Kristallisation. Die Ergebnisse zeigen deutlich den Einfluß der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit auf die Kristallisations-temperatur und die Kristallinität bei Raumtemperatur. Dies steht qualitativ in Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Beobachtungen. Mit der erweiterten Kristallisationsgleichung verfügt man jetzt über ein anschauliches, halb-quantitatives Modell der isothermen und der nicht-isothermen Kristallisation. Das Modell läßt sich an experimentelle Ergebnisse anpassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Numerical simulation models, engine experts, and experimental data are used to generate qualitative and temporal representations of abnormal engine behavior. Engine parameters monitored during operation are used to generate qualitative and temporal representations of actual engine behavior. Similarities between the representations of failure scenarios and the actual engine behavior are used to diagnose fault conditions which have already occurred, or are about to occur; to increase the surveillance by the monitoring system of relevant engine parameters; and to predict likely future engine behavior.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center, Third Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Space Applications, Part 1; p 121-122
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A diagnostic expert system based on neural networks is developed and applied to the real-time diagnosis of jet and rocket engines. The expert system methodologies are based on the analysis of patterns of behavior of physical mechanisms. In this approach, fault diagnosis is conceptualized as the mapping or association of patterns of sensor data to patterns representing fault conditions. The approach addresses deficiencies inherent in many feedforward neural network models and greatly reduces the number of networks necessary to identify the existence of a fault condition and estimate the duration and severity of the identified fault. The network topology used in the present implementation of the diagnostic system is described, as well as the training regimen used and the response of the system to inputs representing both previously observed and unknown fault scenarios. Noise effects on the integrity of the diagnosis are also evaluated.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: IEA/AIE-89; Jun 06, 1989 - Jun 09, 1989; Tullahoma, TN; United States
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An architecture for a real-time pattern-based diagnostic expert system capable of accommodating noisy, incomplete, and possibly erroneous input data is outlined. Results from prototype systems applied to jet and rocket engine fault diagnosis are presented. The ability of a neural network-based system to be trained via the presentation of behavioral patterns associated with fault conditions is demonstrated.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems; Jun 01, 1988 - Jun 03, 1988; Tullahoma, TN; United States
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