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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Textures of ethyl cellulose-dichloroacetic acid mesomorphic solution (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 1693-1700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Textures of the ethyl cellulose (EC)-dichloroacetic acid (DCA) mesomorphic solution were studied systematically by polarizing microscopy and small-angle light scattering. It was found that with increasing polymer concentration, the mesophase could show a disklike texture, an oil streak texture, a pseudoisotropic texture, and an iridescent planar texture. Within the mesophase the ordering degree is different in different zones. The phase transition between anisotropic and isotropic phases could also be accomplished by changing temperature. With increasing temperature the mesophase with the lower degree of order could first transform to the isotropic phase and the phase transition from an anisotropic phase with a higher degree of order to the isotropic one could take place only at the higher temperature. A disklike texture was also observed during the phase transition between the anisotropic and isotropic phases when the solution was heated and it was probably a basic texture in polymer cholesteric liquid crystals.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430912
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of diffusion-controlled free radical polymerizations in lumped-parameter systems (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 2353-2375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Open-loop optimal temperature control strategies for the batch free radical polymerizations of styrene are investigated using the minimum principle. Two kinetic models, one considering the gel effect and the other incorporating both the gel effect and the glass effect, are employed. By using the Min-H strategy, a control variable program that minimizes one objective function and yields values of other terminal quantities can be obtained. It is found that the optimal temperature programs are highly dependent upon the kinetic characteristics of reactions. The gel and glass effects, which control ultimate molecular weights, play important roles in affecting the temperature programs. Numerical examples using two objective functions, one in which reaction time is minimized, and the other in which molecular weight distribution is minimized, are presented. The theoretical predictions using kinetic model with the gel and glass effects are also compared with experimental measurements of conversion, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution. Although the agreement between the experimental work and the theory is less than satisfactory, the trends of policy improvements are consistent.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070391113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Casting of diffusion-controlled free radical polymerization - experimental and theoretical analysis (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 1315-1341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with applications of a kinetic-diffusion model which accounts for the gel effect and glass effect for free radical polymerizations under nonisothermal conditions. Bulk polymerizations of styrene and unsaturated polyester in the batch casting process were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) were employed to elucidate incomplete reactions resulting from glass transition and dead-ending phenomena and to provide kinetic information for modelling. Temperature, conversion, and cumulative molecular weight profiles were simulated under several wall temperature programs. Predictions of ultimate cumulative molecular weights across the reactor, when compared with experimental results measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), affirmed that the molecular weight variation due to the radial temperature gradient could be alleviated by manipulating the wall temperature.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330422
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the conductivity of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) lithium by the complexation of poly(ethylene oxide) (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 7 (1996), S. 697-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: complexation ; sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) lithium ; poly(ethylene oxide) ; conductivity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the present paper, the structure and conductivity for the complex of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) lithium (SPPOLi) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG) were studied. Glass transition temperature change determined by differential scanning calorimeter analysis desmonstrated that the two components had some compatibility. X-ray diffraction showed that PEG could decrease the regularity of SPPOLi to some extent. The compatibility and PEG's effect on the regularity may be due to the interaction between the lithium ions of SPPOLi and the oxygen atoms of PEG. Under polarization by electric field, the bands between lithium ions and sulfonation groups relaxed. Meanwhile, the complexation of oxygen atoms could enhance the dissociation of the polymeric lithium salts. Then lithium ions were transported in the process of alternate complexing and decomplexing. The action between lithium ions and oxygen atoms could explain the improvement on the conductivity of SPPOLi.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermotropic behavior of hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 1979-1984 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermotropic behavior of hydroxyethyl celloulose acetate (HECA) was studied by polarizing microscopy, DSC, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that HECA was an anisotropic liquid between the temperature from 130 to 185°C on heating, and when the temperature was over 185°C, it became isotropic. In cooling, however, mesophase began to form at about 165°C. The transformation temperature decreased with decreasing molecular weight and the temperature region of transformation decreased with decreasing the distribution of the molecular weight for HECA. The kinetic ability of tranformation appeared the maximum with molecular weight. The HECA liquid crystal is cholesteric and the distance between layers of ordered molecular chains was enlarged when HECA was transformed from liquid crystalline glass to the liquid crystalline state. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070511114
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the blends of carbon dioxide copolymer. III. NBR/PPC systems (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 1479-1486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper, the blends of the carbon dioxide copolymer, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), with nitrile rubber (NBR) were studied by DSC, DMA, TEM and TG. PPC can enhance the mechanical properties of NBR, while oil resistance and tensile set at break of NBR/PPC systems were as good as that of NBR. The coagent of triallylisocyanurate or maleic anhydride with carbon black can much improve the curing efficiency of dicumyl peroxide in NBR/PPC systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and radical polymerization of (E-CE)C/AA mesomorphic solutions (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ethyl-cyanoethyl cellulose (E-CE)C/poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) composites were prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid (AA) in (E-CE) C/AA cholesteric liquid crystalline solutions. The morphology and structure and the compatibility of composites prepared in different conditions were studied by small-angle light scattering (SALS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray spectrometry, polarizing microscopy, and electron microscopy. Ho-mogeneous composites with the cholesteric structure could be obtained by photopolymerization. During the photopolymerization, however, the morphology of the liquid crystalline domains became crylindric and the axial direction of the cylindric domain was at an angle of about 45° to the layers of the ordered molecular chains. The polymerization initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) resulted in the phase separation. The morphology of the liquid crystalline domains was maintained although the cholesteric structure of the composite was partly destroyed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490115
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The compatibility of the blends of PUs with PVC and the adhesion behavior of PU to PVC (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 1371-1379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three series of polyurethane adhesives - polyethyleneadipateurethane (PEAU), polybuthyleneadipateurethane (PBAU), and polyhexyleneadipateurethane (PHAU) - with the same MW and hard/soft segment ratio, based on the three polyesters polyethyleneadipate (PEA), polybuthyleneadipate (PBA), polyhexyleneadipate (PHA), with 4,4′-diphnylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and butendiol were synthesized by solution polymerization. The crystallinity of these polyesters and polyurethanes (PUs) and the compatibility of blends of PUs with PVC were studied by means of wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA), testing of solubility, and phase contrast microscopy. The results indicated that PBAU/PVC and PHAU/PVC were compatible systems, but PEAU/PVC was incompatible. The adhesive strengths of the three adhesives were quite different from one another, in the order of PBAU ≥ PHAU ≫ PEAU. The influences of crystallinity and compatibility on adhesion were discussed, and the Diffusion Theory for PU-PVC systems was recommended. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070561101
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and structures of ethyl-cyanoethyl cellulose/cross-linked polystyrene composites (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 533-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ethyl-cyanoethyl cellulose [(E-CE)C]/cross-linked polystyrene (PS) composites were prepared via polymerization of styrene in (E-CE)C/styrene solution with glycol diacrylate as a cross-linking reagent. The polymerization of the solution, morphology, and miscibility of (E-CE)C/PS composites were studied with polarizing microscopy, small-angle light scattering (SALS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the mixing state of the (E-CE)C/PS system and the thermal stability of composites were modified by cross-linking of PS. In the intensively cross-linked composite prepared from the anisotropic solution, there existed cylindrical domains in which (E-CE)C spherulites were dispersed in PS. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070540503
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcrystalline growth of thermoplastics and LCPs during isothermal crystallization (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 981-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two technical methods were developed for transcrystalline growth in order to create perfect transcrystalline growth for both thermoplastics and liquid crystalline polymers. A principle was suggested for oriented crystallization that the nucleation is created with high density along a one-dimensional or on a two-dimensional unit, while the nucleation in the matrix is suppressed. The steric hindrance was a key factor to create the transcrystalline growth in isothermal crystallization. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550702
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