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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 581-588 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer films were deposited from the plasma polymerization of the mixtures of hydrocarbons, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene, and tetrafluoromethane (CF4) or hexafluoroacetone (HFA). The surface properties, the advancing contact angle of water, and surface energy of the films deposited and the chemical composition at the outermost layer of the films are discussed from the data of the angular XPS measurements. The plasma polymers deposited from the CF4/hydrocarbon and HFA/hydrocarbon mixtures contained fluorine atoms whose content depended on the CF4 or HFA concentration of the mixtures. The hydrophobicity of the films deposited could not be determined by the fluorine content of the films but by the chemical composition of the fluorine moieties at the outermost layer of the films. The CF3 moieties rather than the CF2 and CF moieties contribute largely to the hydrophobicity of the films. The plasma polymer films deposited from the HFA/acetylene (87.5 mol % HFA) showed higher hydrophobicity (the surface energy is 9.7 mJ/m2) than those from the CF4/acetylene mixture (87.5 mol % CF4) (the surface energy is 13 mJ/m2).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1041-1048 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Plasma polymerization of five metal acetylacetonates (MAcAc), aluminium acetylacetonate (AlAcAc), copper acetylacetonate (CuAcAc), titanium acetylacetonate (TiAcAc), zinc acetylacetonate (ZnAcAc), and magnesium acetylacetonate (MgAcAc), were investigated for the application of CO gas sensor devices. Plasma polymerization deposited thin films with metal elements as well as carbon and oxygen elements. The polymer deposition rate in the plasma polymerization was a function of the rf power, the system pressure, and the nature of the MAcAc. The elemental composition of the deposited films was fairly different from that of the starting materials, MAcAc. The complexing bonds of the MAcAc between acetylacetone and the metal element occurred in the plasma zone. The cleavage was closely related to the delocalization of electrons on the complexing of the MAcAc. The plasma polymer films prepared from TiAcAc and ZnAcAc in the presence of Pt catalyst showed a response toward CO gas. The plasma polymer films, especially prepared from TiAcAc, are potential materials for a CO sensor device with both sensitivity and selectivity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 1869-1877 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Plasma polymer films prepared from perfluoro-2-butyltetrahydrofuran (PFBTHF) and perfluorobenzene (PFB) were investigated by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and ESCA. The gas separation properties were also investigated to seek plasma polymer films with good permselectivity. Plasma polymer films from PFBTHF and PFB were composed of polymer chains with fluorinated moieties such as C-CFn, CF, CF-CFn, CF2, and CF3 groups. Changes in the afcurrent as an operating condition for plasma polymerization showed less influence on the distribution of the fluorinated moieties but more influence on the permselectivity of the plasma polymer films formed. The permselectivity was improved by plasma polymerization in the PFBTHF/CH4 or PFB/CF4 mixture systems. The PO2/PN2 ratio for the plasma polymer films prepared from PFBTHF/CH4 and PFB/CF4 mixtures increased from 3.1 at 0 mol % CH4 to 4.0 at 50 mol % CH4 addition, and from 4.1 at 0 mol % CF4 to 5.0 at 25 mol % CF4 addition, respectively. The permselectivity of the plasma polymer films may be related to the crosslinkage and aggregation of polymer chains rather than the elemental composition.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 143-153 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Plasma polymerization of 1,3-ditrifluoromethylbenzene (DTFMB)/CF4 mixture was investigated by means of elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy and the permeation properties of the formed plasma polymer films were examined. The plasma polymerization deposited films containing fluorine atoms, of which the concentration depended on the starting composition of the DTFMB/CF4 mixture. The films were composed of fluorinated alkyl moieties with a small amount of fluorinated aromatic moieties and carbonyl moieties. The CF4 addition to DTFMB caused the breaking down of aromatic rings. Permeation properties of the plasma polymer films depended on the starting composition of the DTFMB/CF4 mixture, the discharge current, and the thickness of the deposited films. The permselectivity was enhanced by adding CF4 and increasing the discharge current. Plasma polymer films prepared from DTFMB/CF4 mixture containing 75 mol % CF4 at a discharge current of 150 mA had a permselectivity of 5.0 and an oxygen permeation coefficient of 3.5×10-10 cm3 (STP) cm/cm2 s cm Hg.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 965-973 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Plasma polymerization of mixtures of ethane/hexafluoroacetone (HFA), ethylene/HFA, and acetylene/HFA deposit hydrophobic and thin films. The IR and XPS measurements of the deposited films show that fluorination with HFA occur to yield hydrophobic plasma films which possess CF3, CF2, and CF moieties. The advancing contact angle of water on the surface of the deposited films increases with increasing the HFA concentration, especially plasma polymer films prepared from the acetylene/HFA mixture (87.5 mol % HFA) show an advancing contact angle of 126 degrees. Such high hydrophobicity of the plasma polymer surface is attributed to high concentration of fluorinated carbons, especially CF3 side groups. The CF3 concentration in the plasma polymers reach about 30 mol % of the total carbon units. These surfaces show no change in advancing contact angle even when stored in a moist atmosphere of 60% RH at 20°C for at least 2 weeks.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 595-601 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The fluidization technique was applied for the surface modification of powder by plasma, and whether the technique was a practically useful one in the surface modification of powder or not was discussed. Polyethylene powder was used as a specimen to be modified. The oxygen plasma treatment of the polyethylene powder in the fluidized state showed a capability that the surface of the powder was changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The contact angle of water for the treated powder surface was 51°C, which was estimated from the dynamic wicking data. The hydrophilic surface modification of the polyethylene powders in the fluidized bed required the operation of the plasma treatment for at least 3 h. The requirement of the plasma operation for long time rises mainly from large surface area of the powder. The oxygen plasma treatment led to the formation of oxygen functionalities including C = O and C(O)—O— groups at the outermost layer of the powder. The concentration of the C=O and C(O)—O— functionalities reached 10 and 6% of the total carbon elements being in the XPS sampling depth, respectively. From these results we conclude that the fluidization technique is a useful manner in the surface modification of powder by plasma.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 2341-2350 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thin films plasma-polymerized from tetramethyltin was applied for CO gas sensor device. The films formed from tetramethyltin contains alkyl chains with organic tin moieties, and pyrolysis of them at 350-500°C yields carbonized films with SnO2 moieties. The electrical resistance for the films pyrolized at 350-500°C decreases in exposing to CO gas. The sensitivity, the ratio of the electrical resistance between in air and in CO atmosphere, is enhanced by catalytic actions of palladium chloride, specially in operation at low temperatures below 50°C. The gas sensitivity between CO and other gases such as ethanol, methane, and propane gases is good. The possible determination of CO gas concentration by the sensor device is in ranges from 10 to 1000 ppm.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 1829-1838 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Plasam polymerization of hydrocarbon/sulfure dioxide mixtures, C2H/SO2, C2H4/SO2, and CH4/SO2 mixtures, was investigated to obtain thin films containing sulfonic acid groups. Plasma polymerization of C2H2/SO2 and C2H2/SO2 mixtures gave filmlike products but that of the CH4/SO2 mixtures did not. The plasma polymers possessed much amount of sulfur and oxygen moieties with hydrocarbon chains. The sulfur moieties involved thio, sulfite, and sulfonic acid groups. This groups was a main product and reached 70-80 mol % of the total sulfur moieties. The remains (20-30 mol %) were sulfonic acid and sulfite groups. The oxygen moieties were hydroxyl and carbonyl groups with small amount of carbonxyl groups. The plasma polymers showed and hydrophilicity (the surface energy was 54-56mN/m) and good antithrombogenity.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 2003-2010 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: plasma polymerization ; acrylonitrile ; 1,2-dicyanoethylene ; tetracyanoethylene ; conjugated imine ; ketene-imine ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma polymerizations of three cyano compounds - acrylonitrile (AN), 1,2-dicyanoethylene (FN), and tetracyanoethylene (TCE) - were investigated by FT IR and XPS, and the transforamtion of cyano groups during the plasma polymerization was discussed. The results pointed out an aspect of the preparation of plasma films with cyano groups. Plasma polymerizations of AN, FN, and TCE deposited brown or dark brown films that contained carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The elemental composition of the plasma films, especially N/C atomic ratio, showed a monomer dependence but no rf power dependence. The plasma films contained amide and amino groups, and ketene-imine and conjugated  -  C = N  -  structures as well as cyano groups as nitrogen functionalities, and carbonyl and carboxyl groups as oxygen functionalities. For the preparation of plasma films with cyano groups, compounds with more than two cyano groups themselves are not suitable as monomers. The operation of plasma polymerization under mild plasma conditions at low rf power and in no oxygen atmosphere is favorable for the preparation of plasma films with cyano groups. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 2001-2011 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: surface modification ; aromatic polyamides ; oxygen plasma ; bond scission ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The surface of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) films was modified by oxygen plasma, and the modified film surface was analyzed by an advancing contact meter and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The advancing contact measurement showed that the oxygen plasma treatment made the surface of the PPTA film hydrophilic. The XPS analyses also showed the increase in the O/C and N/C atom ratio, especially the O/C atom ratio, at the PPTA film surface by the oxygen plasma treatment. A main oxygen functionality formed by the oxygen plasma treatment is a carboxylic acid group, and a main nitrogen functionality formed is a protonated amino group. The formation of the oxygen and nitrogen functionalities formed by the oxygen plasma treatment is not restricted to the surface of the PPTA film, but penetrates at least 35 Å deep from the film surface. The formation of these carboxylic acid and protonated amino groups is a result of the bond scission of the amide linkages in the PPTA film. Interactions of photons in the oxygen plasma rather than interactions of electrons and activated oxygen atoms contribute greatly to the bond scission. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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