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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epoxy resin cure III: Boron trifluoride catalysts (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 929-939 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Boron trifluoride forms complexes with nitrogen-and oxygen-containing Lewis bases. These acid-base complexes are sometimes added to epoxy resins to accelerate their cure at elevated temperature (120°C-160°C). Several possible processing concerns with the use of boron trifluoride complexes have been investigated. It was shown that each complex can be readily identified by its distinct fluorine-19 NMR spectrum. All of the boron trifluoride complexes are converted to fluoroboric acid under normal epoxy resin cure conditions. The fluoroboric acid is the true catalyst for epoxy resins. Experimental results show that fluoroboric acid does not catalyze the polymerization of an epoxy resin at room temperature. Finally, it was shown that fluoroboric acid is not hydrolyzed to hydrofluoric acid.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310316
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the composition of common linear low density polyethylene copolymers by 13C-NMR spectroscopy (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 399-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A comprehensive 13C-NMR method for the analysis of composition in the most common commercial polyethylene copolymers has been established. The method covers ethene copolymers with propene, butene-1, hexene-1, octene-1, and 4-methyl pentene-1 in the composition range of 1-10 mol %. The chemical shift assignments and T1 values of the resonances of the copolymers are presented. Results of precision studies and interlaboratory analyses showed that the molar composition could be determined with a relative precision at 2δ of about 6%. This method is being proposed to ASTM as Method X70-8605-2.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420212
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charting cation migration in a nickel exchanged zeolitic catalyst: An in situ rietveld X-ray studyWe thank the Science and Engineering Research Council for general support and the Laura Ashley Foundation for a Teenager Fellowship (to B.J.S.). (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 2 (1990), S. 181-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19900020405
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective low-temperature chemical vapor deposition of copper from (hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(I)trimethylphosphine, (hfa)CuP(Me)3We thank John Garvey and Shirley Weaver for obtaining scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. M. H.-S. thanks the NSF Chemical Instrumentation Program for the purchase of a low-field NMR spectrometer. T. T. K. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Grant # CTS 9058538. We also thank motorola for supporting portions of this work. (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 3 (1991), S. 246-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19910030506
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advanced materials for GaAs Microwave DevicesThe authors would like to thank GEC-Marconi for supporting this work and their colleagues at GMMT Caswell whose contributions and encouragement have helped to make this work a success. (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 4 (1992), S. 786-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A number of III-V compound semiconductors have higher electron mobilities and peak electron velocities than silicon. This makes these materials attractive for use in high-frequency applications. However, the use of these materials was delayed for a number of years by the fact that, most of these compounds such as GaAs lack a stable native Oxide and display a large interface trap density at the junction with other materials. These problems were overcome in the early 1960s by the development of the MESFET (metal semiconductor FET) where the control electrode was formed; by a metal Schottky contact directly onto the GaAs surface. Early devices were fabricated in epitaxial conducting layers deposited, by for example vapor phase epitaxy, onto GaAs substrates. As the quality of these substrates improved, the conducting layers were formed by implantation of silicon ions directly into the substrate surface. The requirement for devices working at even higher frequencies has necessitated the move from implanted MESFETs to more complicated multi-layer heterostructures, for devices such as HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors) and HBTs (heterojunction bipolar transistors), which can only be produced using epitaxial techniques. In this article the technique of ion-implantation and molecular beam epitaxy are described together with a description of HEMTs and HBTs.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19920041203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New routes to Cu-patterned teflon substratesThe authors wish to thank their co-workers who are identified in the references to this text for their efforts in various aspects of this work. MHS and TTK thank the National Science Foundation for support. RRR thanks the U.S. Doe for support under Contract No. DEACO4-76p00789. (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 4 (1992), S. 524-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19920040718
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of arrays of channel waveguides by self-assembly using patterned organic monolayers as templatesThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation (PHY 9312572). (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 8 (1996), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19960080207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromium depletion from stainless steels during vacuum annealing (1977)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 28 (1977), S. 405-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Chromverarmung nichtrostender Stähle beim Glühen im VakuumBei der selektiven Oxidation von Chrom in nichtrostenden Stählen wird das Oxidatinos-verhalten stark von den Veränderungen der Chromkonzentration an der Metalloberfläche und im Metall beeinflußt. Nach den bisherigen Annahmen verhält sich das Chrom bei der selektiven Oxidation ebenso wie bei der Verflüchtigung während des Vakuumerhitzens auf hohe Temperaturen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Verdampfung von Chrom aus Stahl 316 bei Vakuumanlassen bei 1000 °C mittels energiedispersiver Röntgenstrahlen- und Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse untersucht. Es wird festgestellt, daß der Chromverlust aus austenitischen nichtrostenden Stählen durch Interdiffusion in der Legierung kontrolliert wird. Entsprechend der Vorhersage nimmt die Chromkonzentration an der Metalloberfläche mit zunehmender Erhitzungsdauer ab. Das Chromverarmungsprofil im Metall stimmt gut über in mit einem früher obgeleiteten Modell, abgesehen von einer anomalen Zone in Oberflächennähe. Die hohe Auflösung der Neutronenaktivierungstechnik läßt erkennen, daß es sich um eine etwa 2μm dicke Zone handelt, wo die Chromkonzentration steiler absinkt als es den erwartungen entspricht.
    Notes: During selective chromium Oxidation of stainless steels the changes in chromium concentration at the metal surface and in the metal have an important bearing on the overall oxidation performance. It has been proposed that an analogue of chromium behaviour during selective oxidation is obtained from volatilisation of chromium during high temperature vacuum annealing. In the present report the evaporation of chromium from 316 type of steel, vacuum annealed at 1000 °C, has been investigated by menas of energy dispersive X-ray analysis and by neutron activation analysis. It was established that chromium loss from austenitic stainless steels is rate controlled by interdiffusion in the alloy. As predicted the chromium concentration at the metal surface decreased with increasing vacuum annealing time. The chromium depletion profile in the metal was in good agreement with the previously derived model apart from an anomalous region near the surface. Here the higher resolution of the neutron activation technique indicated a zone within ∼2μm of the surface where the chromium concentration decreased more steeply than expected.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19770280603
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of transition metals in “in situ” duplex oxide grown on a 316 stainless steel (1978)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 441-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Diffusion von Übergangsmetallen in auf Stahl 316 aufgewachsenem Duplex-OxidMit der Methode der sukzessiven Abtragung wurden nach Diffusionsglühen bei 1273 K Konzentrationsprofile von radioaktiven Isotopen (Chrom, Mangan und Eisen) in einem auf Stahl 316 entstandenen doppelschichtigem Zunder ermittelt. Das Eisenisotop diffundiert danach normalerweise sowohl durch die innere als auch durch die äußere Zunderschicht. Die Konzentration der Isotopen von Chrom und Mangan nimmt in der äußeren Magnetitschicht nach Außen hin zu, zeigt aber in der inneren Spinellschicht ein normales Konzentrationsprofil. Die Diffusionskoeffizienten - ermittelt aufgrund der Konzentrationsprofile - lagen, bezogen auf die Diffusion in der Spinellphase, zwischen 6 × 10-12 und 3 × 10-11 cm2 sec-1.
    Notes: Concentration profiles of chromium, maganese and iron radioactive tracers through a duplex oxide grown on 316 stainless steel have been obtained after a diffusion anneal at 1273 K using the serial sectioning technique. The iron tracer diffused normally in both inner and outer oxides of the duplex scale. The concentration of the chromium and manganese tracers increased with increasing penetration into the outer Fe3O4 layer but showed a normal profile in the inner spinel. The diffusion coefficients obtained from the profiles were in the range 6 × 10-12 - 3 × 10-11 cm2 sec-1 for diffusion in the spinel phases.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19780290702
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxidation of an 18/8 type stainless steel in CO2 (1979)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 100-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation eines 18/8 Stahls in KohlendioxidDas Oxidationsverhalten von 18/8-Stahl wurde im Temperaturbereich 873-1258K (600-985°C) durch kontinuierliche Messung der Gewichtszunahme, metallographische Methoden und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Auf eine anfänglich hohe Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit folgt eine Periode mit wesentlich geringerer Oxidation. Im Anfangsstadium entsteht ein zweischichtiger Zunder. weshalb die Abnahme der Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit wahrscheinlich durch die Bildung eines geordneten, chromreichen Spinells an der Grenzfläche Oxid/Metall bedingt sein dürfte.Wenn unter Verwendung des Modells von Hales die Bildung von „heilenden„ Phasen berücksichtigt wurde, ergab sich eine echte parabolische Zeitkonstante: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_p = {\rm 1}{ .8\,\, exp}\left({\frac{{ - {\rm 230}}}{{RT}}} \right)g^2\,\, cm^{ - 4} \,\,\sec ^{ - 1} $$\end{document}Hierin ist die Aktivierungsenergie in KJ. mol-1 (55 kcal · mol-1) ausgedrückt.
    Notes: The oxidation behaviour of an 18/8 type stainless steel has been studied in the temperature range 873-1258 K (600-985 °C) by continous weight gain measurements, metallography and scanning electron microscopy. An initial high oxidation rate was followed by a much slower rate. Duplex scales formed at an early stage of oxidation and the decrease in oxidation rate is probably due to the formation of an ordered chromium rich spinel at the oxide/metal interface.A ture parabolic rate constant (kp) was obtained taking into account the formation of the “healing” phase using the Hales model. This gave: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_p = {1.8\,\, exp}\left({\frac{{ - {\rm 230}}}{{RT}}} \right)g^2\,\, cm^{ - 4} \,\,\sec ^{ - 1} $$\end{document}. where the activation energy is expressed in KJ · mole-1. (55 Kcals mole-1).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19790300203
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