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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reverse osmosis with dynamically formed membranes from water-soluble polymers (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 1607-1618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Membranes were dynamically formed from poly(acrylic acid), poly(1-methyl-2-vinylpyridinium iodide), and methylcellulose on a Millipore filter. The effects of the conditions of membrane formation on reverse osmosis performances and the membrane structure were investigated. The primary factors that affect membrane performance were ascertained to be the kind and concentration of salts and the pH of the preparing solutions, the concentration and the polymerization degree of the membrane materials, the pore size of filters, and the pressure and circulation velocity during membrane formation. Two types of dynamically formed membranes, the membranes inside the filter and the membranes on the filter, were distinguished.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220612
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permselectivities of some aromatic compounds in organic medium through cellulose acetate membranes by reverse osmosis (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2609-2620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Reverse osmosis of some aromatic compounds in 1-propanol solution using porous cellulose acetate membranes and some factors which influence the organic solute permeability were investigated. Reverse osmosis data for a number of benzene derivatives showed that only phenol was rejected and the others were enriched. For the compounds with various substituent groups, the solute permeabilities have the following order; OH 〈 CH3 〈 H 〈 Cl 〈 NH2 〈 NO2. In the series of benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene, the permeability is related to the molar volume of solutes and varied as follows: benzene 〈 naphthalene 〈 anthracene. Generally speaking, there are two factors - a partition coefficient and a diffusion coefficient - for governing the permeation behavior through the membrane. Under the condition that no steric effect is exerted, the partition coefficient exclusively is a dominant factor. A good correlation between the partition coefficient of a particle and that of the membrane was pound. The partition coefficients are closely related to the dipole moment of solutes.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220917
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and gas permeability of polymer blend membranes of polystyrene and poly[1,1,1-tris(trimethylsiloxy)methacrylate propylsilane] (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2025-2032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The gas permeability of O2 and CO2 was sutidied for various polymer blend membranes of polystyrene (PSt) and poly[1,1,1-tris(trimethylsiloxy)methacrylate propylsilane (PTMPS). In order to improve the compatibility of these polymer blends, the effect of addition of the graft copolymer was also investigated. The gas permeability of various composition polymer-blend membranes increases rapidly with an increasing content of PTMPS in the polymer blend. In the polymer blend membranes containing the graft copolymer, the gas permeability decreases with an increase in the graft copolymer content and then reaches a nearly constant value, when the PTMPS content remains constant. This result is attributed to a decrease in interstices at phase boundaries, owing to improvement in compatibility of the component polymers. This method of membrane preparation is very useful for making membranes with required properties.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270615
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-phase carboxylation reactions of poly(chloromethylstyrene) beads with sodium nitrite (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 1383-1389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The formation of carboxylic acid groups (carboxyl + ester groups) was found in a threephase reaction of crosslinked poly(chloromethylstyrene) beads with an excess amount of sodium nitrite in immiscible solvents of benzene and water with tetrabutylammonium bromide as a phase transfer catalyst (PTC), and the dependence of carboxylic acid yield on the experimental conditions was studied. The product contains hydroxyl groups and ester bonds besides carboxyl groups. It was tentatively considered that the carboxyl groups are produced by direct oxidation of chloromethylstyrene groups by nitrous anions. Nitrous anions do not only act as a nucleophile but also as an oxidative reagent in this case.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021880614
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