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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 606-614 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The analyser transmission function T of a concentric hemispherical analyser (CHA) with an input lens system has been studied, and the behaviour of T under suitable operation conditions for a point source has been determined by means of numerical calculations. One of the significant factors controlling T was found to be the aberrations of the input lens, which have a strong dependence on the retardation ration γ and the angular magnification Mα of the lens. The Mα also determines the entering angles of electrons to the CHA, and thus this should be kept sufficiently small as far as the aberrations in the CHA are concerned. The calculated results showed, however, that for each γ there exists an optimum Mα, which corresponds to a compromise point between the aberrations of the input lens and those of the CHA. If Mα is kept constant, T varies according to the increase or decrease in the lens aberrations as functions of γ. Lineshapes calculated for a monochromatic point source were also shown. These were found to be asymmetrical and have tailings on the low-energy side due to the aberrations of the CHA.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 412-416 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface structures and reactions on the single domained surfaces of SrTiO3(001) are investigated using MBE and various surface characterization techniques, such as RHEED, UPS and XPS. The selective formation of the two types of SrTiO3(001) surfaces, the TiO2 terminated and the SrO terminated surfaces, was carried out by Bi deposition/desorption cleaning method and Sr deposition, followed by oxidation in the NO2 atmosphere. It is shown that both surfaces have increased atomic distance between the first and the second layers, and the outward displacement of the first layer oxygen atoms. Surface reaction of H2O was investigated in relation to the Ti3+ defects formed by Ar+ bombardment, with the aim of obtaining knowledge on the reaction between surface functional groups and organometallic compounds at the well-ordered surfaces.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 4 (1983), S. 795-799 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Japanese VAMAS-SCA working group is composed of 19 institutes. Three kind of Au—Cu alloys (Au 75 at.-%-Cu 25 at.-%, Au 50 at.-%-Cu 50 at.-%, Au 25 at.-%-Cu 75 at.-%) were prepared, and these specimens, pure Au and pure Cu were distributed to the members of the VAMAS-SCA working group. The surface concentrations of these alloys were calculated from the Auger peak amplitudes in two ways. One method used the published relative sensitivity factors, and the other used pure Au and Pure Cu as the standard materials. The mean values of the surface concentrations calculated with the published relative sensitivity factors were almost the same as those calculated with the standard materials. This means that the published relative sensitivity factors are reliable to some extent. The error of the surface concentration calculated with pure Au and pure Cu as the standard materials lay between about 3% and 10%, and that with the relative sensitivity factors lay between about 7% and 20%. The calculated surface concentrations of Au were larger than the bulk concentrations of Au when the matrix effect was neglected.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 386-390 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to analyse polymers by AES, the electron discharge from the sample surface and the reduction of electron irradiation damage must be taken into account. A cooling device for a scanning Auger microprobe was developed that allows five axis movements, especially allowing a large dynamic range of tilt movement. The electron beam irradiation effects were examined for CI LVV and C KLL transitions at temperatures of -185, -150, -100 and 24°C using slices of polyvinyl chloride specimen of ∼200 nm in thickness. At -185°C, the allowed dosage for the analysis without causing any remarkable damage is up to 0.3 C cm-2. The electron dosage effects are not so strong. The logarithmic concentration ratio log(Ccl/Cc) falls down linearly against the logarithmic electron dosage log(electron dose) with a slope of about -0.22. At higher temperatures the damage take place immediately after electron irradiation, and it cannot be avoided. This immediate damage is not due to the dosage effects but to the temperature elevation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 7 (1986), S. 465-470 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 13 (1988), S. 7-13 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The scanning Auger microprobe (SAM) produces Auger images which provide information on the elemental distribution of specimen surfaces. However specimen topography affects the data obtained. To eliminate the topographical effect, the peak-to-background ratio, (P - B)/B ( = R), is often used instead of the net peak intensity, P - B. It was found that this method would provide reasonable quantitative results when the tilting angle of the facet plane against the primary electron beam incidence is less than approximately 50°. Over 50°, R would generally give higher values. At 80° R would be 1.2-3.7 times larger than that at 0°. In this paper we propose a new method to compensate for this deviation. Through specimen tilting experiments using a flat surface, we found a deformation of total background shape at high tilting angles. It is interpreted by γ, a background intensity ratio at two energies (ex. 2000 eV and 3000 eV). It was found that γ obeys a simple equation of tilt angle θ, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \gamma (\theta) = 7 \times 10^{ - 5} \theta ^2 - 2.92 \times 10^{ - 3} \theta + 1 $$\end{document}. Then, θ can be derived from the values of the background intensity ratios. The following relationship was also found between R0 and R \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ R_0 = R_0 /[(1.47 \times 10^{ - 3} E + 0.06){\rm exp }\{ 6.1 \times 10^{ - 4} (\theta - 45)^2 \} + 1] $$\end{document} where R0 and Rθ are peak-to-background ratios at 0 and θ degrees, respectively, and E is the Auger transition energy. Since θ can be derived, we can always connect the peak-to-background ratio at θ to that in the horizontal state. Thus, elimination of topographic effect would be possible.We believe that this scheme would contribute to quantitative Auger imaging.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We evaluated and measured the influence of channelling on changes in intensity of the characteristic lines and background of Auger electron spectra by performing calculations and experiments on an aluminium single crystal.Propagation of the incident beam in the crystal was calculated by the dynamic theory of electron diffraction, while the Monte-Carlo method was used to simulate electron paths in the material as a function of experimental conditions.We measured the contrasts of the Al LVV (68 eV) and Al KLL (1396 eV) lines in both channelling and abnormal absorption positions and we recorded the background of the En(E) curves for different electron accelerating voltages and for some strong reflections.The theoretical and experimental results are consistent, revealing the magnitude of crystalline effects in AES. These effects, although they are a hindrance in routine analysis, can be used to study changes in the surface layer composition of metals and ceramics.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 2595-2607 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For the purpose of studying the mechanism of thermal degradation of poly[(tetramethyl-p-silphenylene) Siloxane] (poly TMPS) a series of polymers with silphenylene and siloxane bonds in the main chain were prepared and subjected to thermogravimetry (TG) and pyrolysis study. Analyses of products from poly TMPS degradation (in vacuum at a constant temperature) by gas chromatography (GC), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that degradation occurs at the silphenylene bonds. The TG curves obtained in He for heating rates of 1,2,2.5,7.5, and 10°C/min were analyzed by the Ozawa method; activation energies of 39 ± 1 and 45 ± 2 kcal/mol were obtained respectively for the initial cleavage of the methyl side group and the later-stage scission of the main-chain silphenylene bond which leads to a major weight loss. The results agree with those obtained for other structurally similar polymers.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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