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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45 (1994), S. 21-28 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbial deterioration of materials - fundamentals: Mathematical modelling of destruction mechanismsModern trends in materials science require novel methods and strategies. The general aim is to describe by models the reactions occurring at the surface and within a solid. At the present time, however, it is only possible to derive, from the experimental work, mathematical relations, and this is not sufficient for a prediction of materials behaviour. On the basis of the three steps involved in the description of materials behaviour, i. e. rules of thumb, statistical evaluation of experimental data (including models developed for the presentation of reaction kinetics), and development of physical models (among others Monte Carlo simulations), these three steps and, in particular, the preliminary step of biocorrosion, i. e. biofilm formation, are discussed. Only physical models allow a prediction of reactions, although a prediction independent from experiment is not possible because of the unknown distributions of the acting energies and their possible fluctuations. Beyond that an outline is given of the description of corrosion reactions and crack propagation. A general problem, in particular in connection with biological reactions, is the lack of interdisciplinary education of scientists and engineers.
    Notes: Die moderne Entwicklung der Werkstoffwissenschaft bedingt einen Wandel in den Methoden und Strategien. Es wird angestrebt, die an und im Festkörper ablaufenden Reaktionen in Form von Modellen zu beschreiben. Gegenwärtig gelingt es aber nur, aus experimentellen Untersuchungen mathematische Zusammenhänge abzuleiten, womit eine Vorhersage des Werkstoffverhaltens mit theoretischen Mitteln nicht gelingt.Ausgehend von den drei Erkenntnisstufen zur Beschreibung des Werkstoffverhaltens, den Faustregeln, einer Auswertung von Experimenten mit statistischen Methoden, hierzu gehören auch reaktionskinetische Modellansätze, und der Entwicklung physikalischer Modelle, u.a. Monte-Carlo-Simulationen, werden diese insbesondere für die „Vorstufe“ der biokorrosiven Schädigung vorgestellt, der Biofilmbildng. Nur physikalische Modelle ermöglichen die „Voraussage“ von Reaktionsabläufen, wobei infolge der Unkenntnis der Verteilungen für die wirkenden Energien und deren möglichen Fluktuationen eine vom Experiment getrennte Voraussage nicht möglich ist.In einem Überblick wird darüber hinaus auch auf die Beschreibung von Korrosionsreaktionen und das Rißwachstum eingegangen. Ein generelles Problem, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit biologischen Reaktionsabläufen, stellt die nicht fachgrenzenübergreifende Ausbildung von Naturwissenschaftlern and Ingenieuren dar.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 716-717 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 12 (1988), S. 407-411 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The capability of optical measurements to elucidate adsorption as well as absorption phenomena is demonstrated by using oxygen interaction with copper films as an example. The films (thickness about 30 nm) deposited under UHV conditions on glass substrates show a polycrystalline structure with a marked (111) fibre texture. Gas doses were provided at 460 K while recording simultaneously the ellipsometric response (λ = 1152 nm) and the electrical resistivity. The optical properties of the clean films correspond to well-known bulk data. O2 adsorption causes the ellipsometric angles σΔ and σψ to change by 0.05° and 0.02°, respectively. At pressures of about 1 Pa oxygen begins to penetrate into the interior of the sample which manifests itself in a further drastic increase of σΔ = 30° and σψ = 5°.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 65 (1993), S. 1113-1114 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 16 (1977), S. 317-326 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intensity-fluctuation laser-light-scattering spectroscopy has been used to characterize the temperature dependence of the translational diffusion coefficient through the helix-coil region for the DNA isolated from bacteriophage N1. The diffusion coefficient does not change smoothly, but exhibits fine structure detail similar to that seen in the uv absorption hyperchromicity. These changes are related to the heterogeneous distribution of bases along the N1-DNA chain.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 16 (1977), S. 327-340 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intensity-fluctuation laser-scattering spectroscopy measurements have been reported for the DNA isolated from bacteriophage φ29. The cumulant method of data analysis gives well-defined weighted average decay frequencies. Available theoretical models are shown to yield good values for the diffusion coefficient and longest intramolecular relaxation time for low-molecular-weight DNA's but not for higher molecular weight species. The temperature dependence of the apparent diffusion coefficient exhibits drastic oscillations in the helix-coil transition region. The number of these oscillations is consistent with independent measurements of uv hyperchromicity measurements and suggests that φ29-DNA is composed of at least three regions of differing G + C content.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 48 (1976), S. 950-955 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Basing on recent results of modelling discontinuous and continuous emulsion polymerization processes a mathematical model of the emulsion polymerization of butadiene with styrene is established. Partially the model can be applied to large-scale plants. Generally, however, its application requires particular adaption to large-scale conditions. Based on the kinetic concept a method for the continuous determination of the degree of activation at the inlet of the stirring vessel cascade is described.
    Notes: Ausgehend vom gegenwärtigen Stand der Modellierung von Emulsionspolymerisationen bei diskontinuierlicher und kontinuierlicher Prozeßführung wurde ein mathematisches Modell zur Anwendung bei der Butadien-Styren-Emulsions-polymerisation entwickelt. Es kann gezeigt werden, daß Teile des kinetischen Modells auf die technische Anlage übertragbar sind, generell aber zur Anpassung großtechnische Untersuchungen notwendig sind. Weiterhin wird aus den kinetischen Vorstellungen eine Methode zur kontinuierlichen Bestimmung des Aktivierungsgrades am Eingang der Rührkesselkaskade entwickelt und dargelegt.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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