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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deformation behavior of low-carbon Co-Cr-Mo alloys for low-friction implant applications (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 31 (1996), S. 409-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The plastic flow behavior of wrought Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.05C alloy was investigated at 298 K as a function of grain size using uniaxial tension testing. The microstructures produced by deformation were characterized using X-ray diffraction, reflected light, and scanning electron microscopy. This study revealed that material with initially coarse face-centered cubic (fcc) grains exhibits larger uniform ductility than material with fine grain size. Typically, increasing the grain size from 7 to 70 μm reduces the yield strength by about 50% and increases the elongation to fracture from 12 to 30% with a small effect on the tensile strength. The material is capable of deforming uniformly to large strains without developing plastic instabilities until the point of fracture. This effect was found to be associated with the occurrence of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) in the coarse-grained material. TRIP enhances the material's ability to deform uniformly by maintaining a high rate of strain hardening during deformation. Smaller fcc initial grain size inhibits the transformation kinetics of the fcc-hexagonal close-packed phase transition according to the Olson-Cohen model. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graphical presentation of copolymer composition (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062118
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic effects in a linear-gel polymer system (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1615-1629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The addition of gelled or crosslinked material to an essentially linear elastomer often decreases “nerve,” mill shrinkage, or die swell. In the present work, poly(ethyl acrylate) systems previously characterized in steady flow, were studied in transient flow. Die swell in capillary flow and shear creep recovery in a biconical rheometer were examined and correlated with the amount, crosslink density, and particle size of the gel phase. In general, the addition of gel reduces deformation of extrudates by reducing the amount of elastic strain energy which can be imparted to the material in a stress field. Concurrently, by increasing the viscosity more at low than at high stresses, gel addition also provides an increased resistance to deformation in the low-stress regions outside of the equipment without exacting a comparable toll in increased power requirements.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090502
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonic degradation of polysiloxane solutions (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 991-999 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fractions of dimethylsiloxane polymer with viscosity-average molecular weights from 2.4 × 105 to 1.3 × 106 were dissolved in toluene in concentrations from 0.01 to 1.0 g./dl. These solutions were subjected to ultrasonic degradation at 20,000 cps for periods extending to as much as 960 min. in a water-cooled reaction vessel. Gel permeation chromatography shows that samples with different initial distributions approach the same distribution after 120 min. of degradation. Dilution of the polymer from 1.0 to 0.01 g./dl. more than triples the degradation per gram of polymer but requires 10 times as much energy per gram of polymer to degrade from a number-average molecular weight of 106 to 105. Increasing the power input from 36 to 72 w. almost doubles the degradation rate per gram of polymer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110618
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow properties of a linear-gel polymer systemPaper presented before the American Chemical Society Division of Rubber Chemistry, Detroit, April 20-May 1, 1964. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1601-1613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Flow curves (shear stress versus shear rate) were obtained for poly-(ethyl acrylate) containing up to 40% of gel particles over a range of shear rates from 3 × 10-3 to 7 × 103 sec.-1 with a specially designed biconical rheometer and a standard Instron capillary viscometer. Crosslink density of the gels was varied by emulsion-polymerizing ethyl acrylate with 3, 10, and 30% triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate. Particle sizes were varied by adjusting the concentration of emulsifying agent and by seeding techniques. Samples for study were prepared by blending and co-precipitating the linear and gel latices. The addition of gel always increases the shear stress at a given shear rate. However, this effect is greatest at the lowest shear rates. The flow properties of the gelcontaining materials are related quantitatively to those of the linear material through a new parameter, the rate of viscous energy dissipation, and by two material constants. These are a yield stress and a pseudo zero-shear viscosity, both of these being functions of the amount, crosslink density, and particle size of the gel phase.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090501
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of mineral filler sepiolite on sulphur-free thiuram vulcanization of natural rubber (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 104 (1982), S. 189-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß von Sepiolit auf die schwefelfreie Vulkanisation von Naturkautschuk durch Tetramethylthiuramdisulfid, mit und ohne Aktivator (Triethanolamin), wurde untersucht. Dabei wurde der Sepioliteinfluß auf die a) kinetischen Vulkanisations-Parameter, b) Vernetzungsdichte, c) Art der Vernetzungsbrücken, d) Vernetzungs-ausbeute E und e) Bildung von Zinksulfid studiert. Mit zunehmendem Sepiolit-Anteil wächst die Vulkanisationsgeschwindigkeit, während die Vernetzungsdichte abnimmt. Aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse wird der Mechanismus der Vulkanisation diskutiert.
    Notes: The effect of sepiolite on the sulphurless vulcanization of NR by tetramethylthiuram disulphide, with and without activator (triethanolamine) was studied. The influence on: a) kinetic vulcanization parameters, b) crosslinking density, c) crosslinking types, d) efficiency factor E and e) zinc sulphide formation was considered. The vulcanization rate increases with increasing sepiolite level but crosslinking density is reduced. Based on these results a vulcanization mechanism is proposed and discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1982.051040116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic properties of short fiber filled SBR composites (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einfluß der Verformungsamplitude, der Temperatur und der Frequenz auf die dynamischen Eigenschaften von SBR-Faserverbundstoffen untersucht. Der Einbau von Kurzfasern erhöht den Speichermodul bei beliebiger Verformungsamplitude. Je nach Fasertyp verringert sich die lineare Reaktionszone des Moduls auf die Verformung oder verschwindet vollkommen. Der Verlustfaktor tan δ ist größer bei Faserverbundstoffen, obwol die Signale größenmäßig sich nicht verändern, lediglich die entsprechende Verformung.Bei Temperaturanstieg verringert sich der Modulwert, jedoch ist dieser Abfall weniger stark ausgeprägt im Faser-SBR-Verbund. Die Relaxationsspektren zeigen eine maximale Dämpfung, die der Hauptrelaxation in der Elastomermatrix entspricht. Die Temperatur,bei der dieses Maximum auftritt, verlagert sich zu höheren Werten mitsteigender Anregungsfrequenz. Dadurch wird die Ermittlung der scheinbaren Relaxationsaktivierungsenergie möglich, die im Verbund Faser-Haftmittel-SBR höher ist (225-275 kJ/mol) als in dem faserfreien Stoff (194.6 kJ/mol) als Folge einer stärkeren Faser-Matrix-Wechselwirkung.
    Notes: This paper examines the effects of deformation amplitude, temperature and frequency on the dynamic properties of SBR-short fiber composites. The presence of the fiber increases the storage modulus at any deformation amplitude. Depending on the nature of the fiber, the linear response zone of the modulus versus deformation either diminishes or disappears. The loss factor tan δ is higher in fiber composites. Although the peaks do not vary in magnitude, they occur at different deformation amplitudes.Temperature increase causes the moduli to decrease, the gradient, however, being less pronounced for fiber composites. The relaxation spectra show a damping peak which correlates to the principal relaxation process in the elastomeric matrix. The temperature at which this peak appears is displaced towards higher values with increasing excitation frequency. This allows the determination of the apparent relaxation activation energy, which is higher in fiber plus adhesive composites (225 - 275 kJ/mol), as compared to the fiber-free composite (194 kJ/mol), as a consequence of stronger fiber-matrix interaction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1988.051600103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of silica by acid dissolution of sepiolite and study of its reinforcing effect in elastomers (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 103 (1982), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Herstellung von amorpher Kieselsäure durch saure Behandlung von Sepiolit, einem natürlichen Magnesiumsilikat, und ihre Verwendung als verstärkender Füllstoff für Naturkautschuk- und Styrol-Butadienkautschuk-Mischungen wurden untersucht. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der Magnesiumextraktion durch Salpetersäure bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Säurekonzentrationen und die Aktivierungsenergie wurden ermittelt.Das Endprodukt besteht weitgehend aus amorpher Kieselsäure (92,5% SiO2), wie durch Röntgenanlyse bestätigt wurde; die faserige Morphologie des Ausgansminerals wird beibehalten. Wie eine kurze technologische Untersuchung zeigte, ist die erhaltene Kieselsäure als verstärkender Füllstoff für Allzweckkautschuke geeignet; die Ergebnisse wurden mit jenen aus handelsüblicher gefällter Kieselsäure verglichen. Die Einwirkung von Silan-Haftvermittlern auf die neue Kieselsäure wurde ebenfalls untersucht.
    Notes: The preparation of amorphous silica by acid treatment of a natural magnesium silicate and its use as reinforcing filler for NR and SBR compounds are studied. Limited to the treatment with nitric acid, the rate constants at different temperatures and acid concentrations and the activation energy are calculated, as a function of percentage of extracted magnesium.The resulting material is basically an amorphous silica (92.5% SiO2), as shown by X-ray analysis, that keeps the fibrous morphology of the original mineral. According to a preliminary technological study the resulting silica is a suitable reinforcing filler for general purpose rubbers; a comparison between the experimental results and those obtained with a commercial fine particle precipitated silica was made. Using a SBR compound the effect of silane coupling agents on the new silica was studied.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1982.051030105
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal expansion of crosslinked closed-cell polyethylene foams (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 2587-2596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyolefin foams ; thermal properties ; closed-cell foams ; linear thermal expansion coefficient ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study on the thermal expansion of a collection of crosslinked low-density polyethylene (LDPE) foams with closed-cell structure is presented. The thermal characterization of these materials, the relationships between the linear thermal expansion coefficient and the structure of the foams, and the determination of the variables that can modify the thermal properties of these products are the goals of this work. The experimental results show that the linear thermal expansion coefficient decreases when the density of the foamed material increases. The gas expansion inside the cells is a mechanism that should be taken into account. Moreover, the thermal expansion also depends on the cellular structure. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2587-2596, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid crystal properties of poly(2-vinylpyridine) fully quaternized with a mesogenic group (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 3863-3869 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Two poly(2-vinylpyridine)s fully quaternized with a ω-(4′-methoxy-4-biphenylyloxy)-alkyl group (alkyl chain of 9 and 11 carbon atoms) have been synthesized by the well known spontaneous polymerization of vinylpyridinium salts. When heated, these polymers (P2VPC9 and P2VPC11) show thermotropic liquid crystal properties. According to the X-ray diffraction data, the observed smectic mesophase in both polymers is of the type A (SA). Results are discussed in comparison with other molecular and polymeric pyridinium salts previously described. A molecular arrangement model for the P2VP derivatives is proposed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1997.021981208
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