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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of aromatic polycarbonates by an anhydrous catalytic solution process. I. The phosgene-phenol interaction (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 3295-3307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A two-step, catalytic, anhydrous solution process was developed for the preparation of the polycarbonate of 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol-A). It involves the preparation of the dichloroformate of bisphenol-A followed by its condensation with bisphenol-A in the presence of magnesium metal. Attempts were also made to develop a one-step, catalytic solution process. The reaction of bisphenol-A with phosgene, in the presence of aluminum chloride, a very powerful catalyst, led to polymers with reduced viscosities as high as 0.35. Higher viscosities were not obtained due to the lack of a suitable, nonreactive solvent.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070091009
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of aromatic polycarbonates by an anhydrous catalytic solution process. II. The chloroformate-chloroformate interaction (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 3309-3319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Several classes of compounds promote the anhydrous condensation of phenyl chloroformate with itself to give diphenyl carbonate and phosgene (or its elements). The compounds in question act either as true catalysts (recoverable unchanged) or as reagents. Salts of magnesium and zinc, particularly the chlorides, belong to the catalytic class. Useful reagents included metal oxides (magnesium, zinc, and calcium) and alkali and alkaline earth metal carbonates, sulfites, bicarbonates, and bisulfites. High molecular weight aromatic polycarbonates were obtained by analogous reactions starting with difunctional chloroformates. Self-condensation of bisphenol-A dichloroformate in the presence of magnesium chloride afforded the polycarbonate with a reduced viscosity 0.2. The use of magnesium oxide allowed the preparation of polycarbonates having reduced viscosities in the useful plastic range (0.45 and higher).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070091010
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption and transport of pure gases in random styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymers (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 28 (1990), S. 2079-2102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Previous work has shown that permeability coefficients for CO2 can increase with pressure for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); whereas, those for polystyrene decrease slightly as found for many glassy polymers. This response is attributed to a greater propensity for PMMA to be plasticized by CO2. This issue is considered in detail here by examining the behavior of a series of random styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymers in order to learn how the plasticization response varies with MMA content. At low pressure, the sorption and transport of CO2 and other gases in these copolymers depend on copolymer composition in ways expected from simple theories for multicomponent polymers. The change in CO2 permeability coefficient upon pressurization from 1 to 20 atm ranged from -6% for polystyrene to +57% for poly (methyl methacrylate). Furthermore, upon holding at 20 atm of CO2 driving pressure, there was a significant increase in the CO2 permeability coefficient with time for PMMA; whereas this conditioning effect was much smaller for polystyrene. Conditioning and plasticization effects seem to be related to the same molecular causes. The responses change progressively for the copolymers but not directly in proportion to MMA content. The greater effects of CO2 for PMMA are, to a significant extent, but not entirely, due to its much higher level of CO2 sorption compared with that of polystyrene. The results are discussed in terms of relevant theories.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1990.090281114
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption and transport of pure C02 and CH4 in miscible bisphenol chloral polycarbonate/poly (methyl methacrylate) blends (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 28 (1990), S. 2103-2117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Sorption and permeation behavior of CO2 and CH4 was examined in detail for a series of miscible blends based on bischloral polycarbonate (BCPC) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The former pure polymer exhibits decreases in the permeability coefficients for both CO2 and CH4 as the upstream driving pressure increased as predicted by the dual-mode sorption model. On the other hand, PMMA shows a decrease for CH4 but an increase for CO2. The latter is attributed to plasticization by this more soluble gas. The blends show intermediate behavior. CO2 permeation was examined on pressurization, at constant pressure for two weeks, and then on depressurization. The pattern of behavior progressively deviated between that of BCPC and PMMA as the MMA content of the blends was varied. These trends were contrasted with those previously described for a series of styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymers. Some differences in behavior between the blends and the copolymers were noted when compared at constant MMA content. These results have important ramifications for the design and selection of polymers for membranes to separate the CO2/CH4 gas pair.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1990.090281115
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of CO2 conditioning of copolymers and blends containing MMA units (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 28 (1990), S. 2213-2223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Long-term, high-pressure CO2 permeation experiments were conducted for styrene/methyl methacrylate (SMMA) random copolymers and bischloral polycarbonate/poly (methyl methacrylate) miscible blends to investigate the effects of gas conditioning. The extent and rate of CO2 permeability changes with time increased dramatically with content of MMA units in both series when compared at a constant upstream CO2 pressure of 20 atm. The higher solubility of CO2 in PMMA than polystyrene or the polycarbonate was found to be responsible for a part but not all of this response as shown by isobaric versus isoconcentration experiments. The rate of conditioning cannot be described by a single relaxation time. The conditioning process discussed here seems to be intimately connected to the plasticization process reported earlier for these same systems.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1990.090281204
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