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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (23)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 6 (1994), S. 59-62 
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 206 (1993), S. 77-85 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es werden Aspekte der Reaktion von Dextran mit Ethyl-chlorformiat und Triethylamin als Katalysator behandelt. Mittels 1H- und 13C NMR-Spektroskopie wurden in den gebildeten modifizierten Dextranen cyclische und acyclische Carbonatgruppen nachgewiesen. Vorversuche zeigten, daß die Reaktion cyclischer Carbonatgrupen mit verschiedenen Amin-Modellverbindungen stark vom Basencharakter des Amins abhängt. Phenethylamin und Tyramin wurden quantitativ an aktiviertes Dextran mit cyclischen Carbonatgruppen gebunden. Die Dextran-Phenethylamin- und Dextran-Tyramin-Addukte werden unter den angewendeten Bedingungen (pH 1,0 oder 9,1 bei 37°C) nicht heterogen hydrolysiert.
    Notes: This work deals with some features of the reaction of dextran with ethyl chloroformate using triethylamine as catalyst. The presence of cyclic and acyclic carbonate groups in the resulting modified dextrans was demonstrated by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Preliminary experiments have shown that the reaction of cyclic carbonate groups with several model amines is greatly dependent on the basic character of the amine. Model amino type drugs (Phenethylamine and tyramine) were quantitatively bound to activated dextran with cyclic carbonate groups. The heterogeneous hydrolysis of dextran-phenethylamine or dextran-tyramine adducts showed that no hydrolysis takes place under the applied conditions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 225 (1995), S. 123-130 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dextran wurde mit 4-Nitrophenylchloroformat und Pyridin als Katalysator umgesetzt. Die Struktur der modifizierten Dextrane wurde mittels IR-, 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie bestimmt. Unter den gewählten Reaktionsbedingungen entstehen nur acyclische Carbonate. Vorversuche zeigten, daß die Reaktion der 4-Nitrophenyl-chloroformat-Gruppen mit verschiedenen Amin-Modellverbindungen stark von der Basizität des Amins abhängt. Die Anbindung der Modellamine Phenethylamin und Tyramin an das modifizierte Dextran war befriedigend. Die Dextran-Phenethylamin-und Dextran-Tyramin-Verbindungen sind gegen heterogene Hydrolyse bei 37°C (pH 9 und pH 1) weitgehend beständig.
    Notes: The modification reaction of dextran with 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate using pyridine as catalyst was studied. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analysis. Under the used experimental conditions only acyclic carbonate groups have been detected. Preliminary experiments have shown that the reaction of 4-nitrophenyl carbonate groups with several model amines is greatly dependent on the basic character of the amine. Model amino-type drugs (phenethylamine and tyramine) were satisfactorily bound to activated dextran with 4-nitrophenyl carbonate groups. The heterogeneous hydrolysis of dextran-phenethylamine or dextran-tyramine adducts showed that no significant hydrolysis takes place under the applied conditions (pH 1 and pH 9, 37°C).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1992), S. 79-89 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Modifizierung von Dextran rnit Bernsteinsaureanhydrid unter Verwendung von Pyridin als Katalysator und DMF/LiCl als Liisungsmittel wurde untersucht und die Struktur der gebildeten Polymeren IH- und 13C-NMR-spektroskopisch bestimmt. Es wurde eine lineare Abhangigkeit zwischen der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und der Bernsteinsaureanhydrid-Konzentration gefunden, wobei die Reaktion beziiglich Pyridin erster und beziiglich des Polymeren zweiter Ordnung war. Die Aktivierungsenergie betrug 69,O kUmol. Die I3C-NMR-Spektren von teilweise, d. h. rnit nur einer SuccinatGruppe pro Anhydroglucose-Einheit modifiziertem Dextran wurden untersucht, um die Selektivitat der Reaktion von Dextran rnit Bernsteinsaureanhydrid in homogener Phase abzuschatzen. Die Analyse der Ring-Kohlenstoffatome der Anhydroglucose-Einheit zeigte, dal3 die Reaktivitat der einzelnen Hydroxy-Gruppen in der Reihenfolge C-2 3 C-3 〉 C-4 abnimmt; Proben rnit einem hoheren Substitutionsgrad, d. h. rnit mehr als einer Succinat-Gruppe pro Anhydroglucose-Einheit, zeigten die umgekehrte Reihenfolge C-4 〉 C-3 〉 C-2. Dieses Ergebnis ist vermutlich auf intramolekulare Wasserstoffbriicken Bindungen in Verbindung rnit sterischen Effekten zuriickzufiihren.
    Notes: The modification reaction of dextran with succinic anhydride using pyridine as catalyst and N,N-dimethylformamide/lithiumchloride system as solvent was studied. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. A linear dependence of the reaction rate on succinic anhydride concentration was found. The orders with respect to pyridine and polymer concentrations were 1 and 2, respectively. The activation energy was found to be 69.0 kJ/mol. 13C NMR spectra at 75.4 MHz of partially modified dextran with monosuccinate groups were studied in order to evaluate the selectivity of the reaction of dextran with succinic anhydride in the homogeneous phase. Analysis of the spectra of ring carbons in the anhydroglucose units shows that the reactivity of individual hydroxy groups decreases in the order C-2 ∽ C-3 〉 C-4. For samples with higher degree of substitution the order is C-4 〉 C-3 〉 C-2. The results were explained by considering the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds as well as by steric considerations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 13 (1992), S. 403-407 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 48 (1997), S. 234-250 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A bipolar membrane (BM) is a layered structure composed of one cation and one anion ion-exchange layers joined together in series. Polymer BMs offer promising applications for many industrial processes (e. g., the use of bipolar electrodialysis for environmentally clean technologies and the treatment of salt-water effluents) because of their unique electrochemical properties. The most important of these properties is the electric field enhanced (EFE) water dissociation which arises when an electric current is forced through the membrane. This phenomenon occurs at the bipolar junction of the BM, and its coupling with ion transport, though still poorly understood, is the basis of most of the potential applications of BMs. In this review, we will focus on recent work concerning the physical chemistry of BMs and give a general overview of their electrochemical properties, emphasizing both theoretical and experimental aspects. We will model first the electric double layer at the bipolar junction between the two ion-exchange layers, and describe then the EFE water dissociation occurring in this junction. Later, we will present in detail a complete theoretical model for the coupling of ion transport and water dissociation in BMs, and show that this model is able to explain the experimental trends observed in the electrochemical characterization of polymer BMs by means of membrane potential, current-voltage curve, and impedance measurements.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 2827-2833 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel polyamide-imides were prepared from 3′,4′-dicarboxy-4″-chloroformyl terephthaloylphenone anhydride and various aromatic and aliphatic diamines. The polymers were characterized by viscosity, infrared spectra, TGA, DSC, and elemental analysis. The thermal stability of the films was comparable to that of polyamide-imides previously reported.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 1321-1325 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel sulfone containing poly(amide-imides) have been prepared by reacting 3,4-dicarboxy-4′-(chloroformyl)-diphenylsulfone dianhydride with various aromatic diamines. Relatively high molecular weight polymers were obtained by using a two-step procedure. Transparent poly(amide-imide) films, varying in color from dark yellow to colorless, were formed by thermally treating polyamic acid solutions. All films showed good thermal stability.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 729-740 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New, thermally stable polyesters with varying chlorine content were prepared by solution and interfacial polycondensation between chlorinated aromatic dichlorides (perchloroterephthaloyl dichloride, 2,5-dichloroterephthaloyl dichloride, and perchloro-4,4′-dichloroformyl biphenyl with different aliphatic and aromatic diols). The polymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Their solubilities and molecular weights were also determined. The influence of chlorine content on the thermal properties of the polymers is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 6 (1994), S. 316-322 
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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