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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (13)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of polymers containing naphthyl-2H-benzotriazoles, 2Part 1 cf. ref.4. Polymer synthesis and characterization (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1991), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-(2-Hydroxy-7-(meth)acryloyloxynaphthyl)-2H-benzotriazole wurden in Dichlormethan unter Verwendung von AIBN als Initiator sowohl homo- als auch mit Styrol bzw. Methylmethacrylat copolymerisiert. Die Polymerzusammensetzung wurde UV-spektroskopisch untersucht und mit entsprechenden, elementaranalytisch bestimmten Werten verglichen; die Molekulargewichte wurden gelpermeationschromatographisch gemessen. Aufgrund der räumlich sehr anspruchsvollen Naphthyl-2H-benzotriazol-Einheit wurden bei der Homopolymerisation nur verhältnismäßig niedermolekulare Produkte erhalten. Bei der Copolymerisation mit Methylmethacrylat zeigte sich, daß die Zusammensetzung der erhaltenen Copolymeren mit dem eingesetzten Monomerverhältnis nahezu identisch war; dagegen wies die Copolymerisation mit Styrol einen deutlich höheren Anteil an eingebautem Naphthyl-2 H-benzotriazol auf.
    Notes: 2-(2-Hydroxy-7-(meth)acryloyloxynaphthyl)-2H-benzotriazoles were polymerized and copolymerized with styrene and methyl methacrylate in dichloromethane using azoisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The polymer composition was determined by UV spectroscopy and compared with elemental analytical data; the molecular weights were determined by GPC. In homopolymerization, low molecular weight products were obtained due to the bulky naphthyl-2H-benzotriazole units. In the case of copolymerization with methyl methacrylate it was found, that the composition of the polymers was very close to the initial ratio of the monomers, whereas in copolymers with styrene the amount of incorporated benzotriazole was higher.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1991.051930115
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of polymers containing naphthyl-2H-benzotriazoles, 3. Hydrogen bonding in monomers and polymers containing naphthyl-2H-benzotriazolePart 2 cf. ref.6. (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1992), S. 65-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Von einigen Dihydroxynaphthyl-2H-benzotriazolen, deren (Meth-)Acryloyloxy-Derivaten und den entsprechenden Polymeren wurden die UV-Absorptionscharakteristika in einer Reihe unterschiedlich polarer Lösungsmittel untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Bildung von Wasserstoffbrücken in diesen Verbindungen sehr stark von der Polarität des Lösungsmittels abhängt und daß ein Gleichgewicht zwischen intraund intermolekularen H-Brücken besteht; die Stabilität der intramolekularen Hßrücken konnte quantitativ bestimmt werden. Die Lage dieses Gleichgewichts wird von der chemischen Struktur der Naphthyl-2H-benzotriazole wesentlich beeinflußt; die Stabilität intramolekularer H-Brücken konnte durch elektronenschiebende Substituenten am Naphthyl-2H-benzotriazol oder durch dessen Fixierung entlang einer Polymerkette gesteigert werden.
    Notes: The UV absorption characteristics of a number of dihydroxynaphthyl-2H-benzotriazoles, their (meth)acryloyloxy derivatives and the corresponding polymers have been studied in a range of solvents of different polarity. It was shown that the formation of hydrogen bonds in these compounds strongly depends on the polarity of the solvent and an equilibrium exists between intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogenbonded states. The stability of the intramolecular hydrogen bond was determined quantitatively. The equilibrium between the intramolecular and the intermolecular hydrogen-bonded state of the molecule was strongly affected by the chemical structure of the naphthyl-2H-benzotriazole. The stability of the intramolecular hydrogen bond increased when electron-donating substituents were introduced into the benzotriazole or when the naphthyl-2-benzotriazole was fixed to a polymer backbone.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1992.051940106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of polymers containing naphthyl-2H-benzotriazoles, 1. Monomer synthesis and characterization (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1991), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-(2-Hydroxynaphthyl)-2H-benzotriazole wurden durch Azokupplung von o-Nitro-benzoldiazoniumchlorid mit 2,3-, 2,5- bzw. 2,7-Dihydroxynaphthalin und anschlie-ßende reduktive Cyclisierung mit Zinkpulver hergestellt. Der Verlauf der Kupplungsreaktion wurde anhand von NMR-Messungen untersucht und zeigte, daß die Kupplung ausschließlich in α-Position der Dihydroxynaphthaline erfolgte. Die Reaktion von 2-(2,7-Dihydroxynaphthyl)-2H-benzotriazol mit (Meth-)Acrylsäurechlorid ergab das entsprechende (Meth-)Acryloyl-naphthalin-2H-benzotriazol-Derivat, das zusammen mit den dazugehörenden Methoxy- und Chlorderivaten eine neue Klasse (co-)polymerisierbarer, UV-absorbierender Verbindungen bildet.
    Notes: 2-(2-Hydroxynaphthyl)-2H-benzotriazoles were synthesized by azo coupling of o-nitrobenzene diazonium chloride with 2,3-, 2,5-, and 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalenes, respectively, followed by reductive cyclization with zinc powder and sodium hydroxide. The mode of coupling reactions has been elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and showed that the coupling occurred at the α-position of the dihydroxynaphthalenes. The treatment of 2-(2,7-dihydroxynaphthyl)-2H-benzotriazole with acryloyl or methacryloyl chloride, respectively, gave the corresponding (meth)acryloyloxynaphthyl-2H-benzotriazoles, which, along with their methoxy and chloro derivatives, provide a new class of polymerizable UV absorbers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1991.051930114
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study on polymers containing different ultraviolet stabilizer moieties (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A number of styrene and methylmethacrylate copolymers containing different UV stabilizer units (benzophenone, phenylbenzotriazole, and naphthylbenzotriazole) fixed to the polymer backbone were characterized by UV spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. UV spectroscopy was found to be suitable for the determination of the copolymer composition and the stability of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which are important for the performance of UV stabilizer molecules. The highest stability of the intramolecular hydrogen bond was obtained for phenylbenzotriazole containing polymers. Using size exclusion chromatography with refractive index and ultraviolet detection, it was shown that the UV stabilizer units were statistically distributed along the different molar mass fractions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420130
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Analyse von Chlorphenol-Formaldehyd-Reaktionsprodukten mit Hilfe der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 32 (1981), S. 690-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Via empirical substituent parameters the 13C-NMR spectra of chlorine substituted phenols, hydroxymethyl phenols and dihydroxydiphenyl methanes were calculated and interpreted. Comparing the chemical shifts of these model compounds it was possible to assign the resonance ranges of structural features expected in chlorophenol-formaldehyde resins. By this way the spectra of two resins are interpreted.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe empirischer Substituentenparameter wurden die 13C-NMR-Spektren einiger chlorsubstituierter Phenole, Hydroxymethylphenole und Dihydroxydiphenylmethane berechnet und interpretiert. Aus den chemischen Verschiebungen der Modellverbindungen ließen sich die Erwartungsbereiche für die in Chlorphenol-Formaldehyd-Harzen auftretenden Strukturelemente ableiten und damit die 13C-NMR-Spektren von zwei Modellharzen interpretieren.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1981.010321104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-NMR-Untersuchungen an Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harzen. 3. Zur Bildung von Dimethylenetherstrukturen in Phenol-Resolen (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 34 (1983), S. 150-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In reacting phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of basic catalysts also dimethylene ether structures are formed. The formation of ethers is favored by reaction temperatures below 80°C and by an excess of formaldehyde. Under reflux (98°C) and with a phenol to formaldehyde ratio of 1:1 ether bridges were found to be formed only with magnesium oxide as catalyst.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von Phenol und Formaldehyd bilden sich auch in Gegenwart basischer Katalysatoren Dimethylenetherstrukturen. Reaktionstemperaturen unter 80°C sowie ein Überschuß an Formaldehyd begünstigen das Entstehen der Ether. Unter Rückflußbedingungen (98°C) und mit äquimolaren Phenol-Formaldehyd-Anteilen konnten nur in Magnesiumoxid-Resolen Ether nachgewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1983.010340305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-NMR-Untersuchungen an Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harzen. 4. Ermittlung von quantitativen Aussagen zur Zusammensetzung von Resolen3. Mitt.: Acta Polymerica 34 (1983) 150 (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 36 (1985), S. 555-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The average content of structural groups in phenol-formaldehyde resins, especially methylene and dimethylene ether bridges, hydroxymethyl groups, and hemiformals, were quantitatively determined by 13C-NMR spectroscopy and compared with 1H-NMR results.
    Notes: Mittels 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie wurden die mittleren Anteile von in Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harzen auftretenden Strukturgruppen, insbesondere von Methylen- und Dimethylenetherbrücken, von Hydroxymethylgruppen und von Halbformalen, quantitativ bestimmt und die Ergebnisse mit den Resultaten der 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie verglichen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1985.010361008
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Synthese und Härtung von Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harzen. 1. Quantitative Aussagen zur Resolsynthese in Gegenwart von Triethylamin (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 510-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of a resole is described by concentration changes of 11 compounds (estimated via HPLC) and by changes of the average number of hydroxymethylene groups and methylene bridges per phenolic nucleus (determinated by 1H-NMR).
    Notes: Die Synthese eines Resols wird an Hand der Konzentrationsänderungen von 11 Substanzen (ermittelt durch HPLC) und der Veränderung der mittleren Anzahl an Hydroxymethylgruppen und Methylenbrücken je phenolischen Kern (ermittelt durch 1H-NMR) beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370810
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Synthese und Härtung von Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harzen. 2. Quantitative Aussagen über die Resolkondensation bis zur GelierungTeil 1: Siehe vorangehende Arbeit (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 512-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Resole condensation is described by concentration changes of 12 compounds (estimated via HPLC) and by changes of the average number of hydroxymethylene groups and methylene bridges per phenolic nucleus (determinated by 1H and 13C-NMR).
    Notes: Die Kondensation eines Resols wird an Hand der Konzentrationsänderungen von 12 Substanzen (ermittelt durch HPLC) und der Veränderung der mittleren Anzahl an Hydroxymethylgruppen und Methylgruppen je phenolischen Kern (ermittelt durch 1H- und 13C-NMR) beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370811
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-NMR-Untersuchungen an Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harzen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 32 (1981), S. 14-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Via empirical substituent parameters the 13C-NMR spectra of ten model compounds which are intermediates in the phenol-formaldehyde-reaction were calculated and interpreted. Comparing the shifts of these model compounds it is possible to assign the resonance ranges of structural features expected in phenolic resins and to achieve information on structure and reactions of some studied resins.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe empirischer Substituentenparameter wurden die 13C-NMR-Spektren von zehn Modellverbindungen, die als Zwischenprodukte bei der Phenol-Formaldehyd-Reaktion auftreten, berechnet und interpretiert. Durch vergleichende Betrachtung der chemischen Verschiebungen der Modellverbindungen ließen sich für die in Phenolharzen vermuteten Strukturelemente die Resonanzbereiche im Spektrum festlegen und erste Aussagen über den Aufbau und die Reaktionen einiger Harze treffen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1981.010320104
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