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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 41 (1990), S. 736-742 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Temperatur und Gaszusammensetzung auf das Korrosionsverhalten von Siliciumnitrid in sulfidierenden Atmosphären mit niedrigem SauerstoffpotentialÜber das Verhalten der neuen Siliciumnitridkeramiken in reduzierenden Atmosphären (z. B. bei der Kohlevergasung oder in petrochemischen Anlagen) ist wenig bekannt. In solchen Atmosphären mit niedrigem Sauerstoffpotential, die Schwefel enthalten, treten neben dem flüchtigen Siliciummonoxid auch flüchtige Siliciumsulfide auf, wodurch die Korrosion beschleunigt wird. Zur Darstellung dieser Verhältnisse wird eine „Flüchtigkeitskarte“ entwickelt, die die Verhältnisse in solchen Gasen bei 1200 und 1300°C zeigt: dabei sind die Partialdrucke von SiO und SiS (im Gleichgewicht mit Si oder SiO2) in Abhängigkeit von Sauerstoffund Schwefelpartialdrucken aufgetragen. Dabei ergeben sich unterschiedliche Korrosionsbereiche: wenn SiO2 nicht stabil ist und hohe SiS-V Partialdrucke zu erwarten sind, kann die Korrosion katastrophal werden; ist SiO2 stabil, so verhindert die glasartige Schicht zunächst die Verdampfung von SiS, doch wird sie allmählich in SiO umgewandelt, und hohe SiS-Partialdrucke können zu innerer Sulfidierung führen.
    Notes: Little is known about the behaviour of advanced silicon nitride materials in reducing atmospheres (e.g. in coal gasification or in petrochemical plant). In such atmospheres with low oxygen potential and containing sulphur volatile silicon sulphides are formed in addition to the volatile silicon oxide, so that corrosion would be accelerated. In order to graphically represent these conditions a “volatility map” is presented which shows the conditions in such atmospheres at 1200 and 1300°C; the map shows the partial pressures of SiO and SiS (in equilibrium with Si or SiO2) vs oxygen and sulphur partial pressures. The map shows various corrosion regions: when SiO2 is not stable and high SiS partial pressures are predicted, corrosion may be catastrophic; when SiO2 is stable, the glassy surface layer initially prevents evaporation of SiS which, however, is gradually transformed into SiO, and high SiS partial pressures may result in internal sulphidation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Carboplatin ; DNA ; Anticancer drug ; Modified electrode ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An electrochemical method for the determination of the anticancer platinum drug carboplatin using a DNA-modified electrode was developed. This electrode was successfully used for the electrochemical determination of carboplatin in serum samples of patients with ovarian cancer undergoing treatment. The electrochemical results clearly demonstrated that, for low concentrations, carboplatin interacts preferentially with adenine rather than guanine groups in the DNA and they can contribute to clarifying the mechanisms of interaction of platinum anticancer drugs with DNA. The pharmacokinetics corresponding to the administration of the drug was followed electrochemically and the detection limit in serum samples was 5.7 × 10 -6M. Due to a similar mechanism of reaction with DNA other platinum anticancer drugs can be determined by this method.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 16 (1978), S. 2671-2673 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: polyaniline ; pernigraniline oxidation state ; copolymer ; synthesis ; electrochemistry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyaniline was electrochemically synthesized in the emeraldine oxidation state and then converted to the pernigraniline oxidation state by applying an electric potential under optimized conditions. The stability/reactivity of polyaniline in the pernigraniline oxidation state was evaluated in various aqueous media. The products of the reduction of the pernigraniline oxidation state by o-toluidine were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. The results are consistent with the synthesis of a diblock copolymer of polyaniline/poly(o-toluidine) and also of some poly(o-toluidine) homopolymer in the emeraldine oxidation state as a side product.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 733-737 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide) (PPOPEO) surfactant has been used as a surface tension modifier. In this study, the graft copolymer made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) main chain and PPOPEO graft chain behavior at water/toluene interface was observed. Interfacial tension measurements were conducted by dissolving the graft copolymer in toluene at a concentration range 1 wt % -0.0003. The results confirmed the surfactant behavior of graft copolymers, which presented a PMMA/PPOPEO ratio dependence. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) was observed. Above the CMC, the graft copolymers tend to form a monomolecular association that depends upon copolymer molecular weight. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 1791-1802 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Near-infrared photoacoustic spectra of polyethylene (1 mm slab) were taken in the modulation range 10-240 Hz, which corresponds to thermal diffusion layers in the 56-11 μm range. Thick-layer spectra are very similar to polyethylene film transmission spectra, but large differences are observed between the spectra taken at various modulation frequencies. From 10 to 80 Hz, all the spectral band intensities decrease linearly with ω-a where ω is the light modulation frequency and a varies from 0.48 to 1.00 for different constituent groups. The analysis of spectral intensity as a function of modulation frequency shows that peak intensity ratios of —CH3, =CH2, and —OH groups, relative to that of methylene groups, increase as thinner, closer-to-surface polymer layers are sampled. From this we conclude that near-to-surface layers of solid polyethylene are richer in —CH3, =CH2 and —OH groups than the polymer bulk.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 3105-3117 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two major events occur in the modification of polyethylene (PE) surfaces by treatment with acidic KMnO4 solutions: The polymer surface is coated with a porous MnO2 layer and corroded, by oxidation. In both cases the resulting surfaces may be bonded with epoxy; the average peeling force for LDPE/epoxy/LDPE adhesive joints thus obtained may reach 〉 1.6 kN m-1 and is limited by adherend cohesive failure. Modified LDPE surfaces and disassembled joints were examined by transmission and ATR-IR spectrophotometry, to show that corroded, nonwettable LDPE contains appreciable amounts of polar groups, reactive towards epoxy amine components.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 3119-3135 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Starlike macromers were prepared from hydroxypropyl organosolv lignin by reaction with propylene oxide, and they were analyzed by a combination of conventional analysis techniques. The average number of arms per macromer was controlled by partial capping with an alkoxy group; and the average length of arms by the degree of chain extension with propylene oxide. Analysis methods included treatment with hydriodic acid followed by gas chromatographic separation of alkyl iodides (HI/GC), UV spectroscopy, H-NMR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The results were consistent with a hypothetical pentameric model structure having between two and six radiating arms, each with a length of between 1 and 4 propylene oxide units. The UV method was best qualified to determine degree of chain extension, while HI/GC was best suited for analyzing average number of arms per macromer fragment. The synthesis and analysis of starlike macromers from lignin is viewed as an important stepping stone for the formulation of lignin-based engineering plastics and multiphase materials.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Different crystalline phases of linear trans-quinacridone (LTQ) pigments were prepared and added to isotactic polypropene (i-PP). It was observed by X-ray diffraction that the nucleation efficiency of the β-modification of i-PP strongly depends on the crystalline phases of LTQ. The α-phase of LTQ does not induce the formation of the β-modification of i-PP but the δ-modification of LTQ is a more effective β-nucleator than the other crystalline phases of LTQ.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization behavior of the ß-modification of isotactic polypropene (i-PP) induced by different crystalline phases of linear trans-quinacridone (LTQ) is investigated. The crystallization of the ß-modification depends on the crystalline phases of LTQ added to i-PP and the cooling rates during crystallization from the melt. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of i-PP examined by differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the nucleating activity of the crystalline phases of LTQ is associated to the variation in fold surface free energy (δe) of formation of both the α-and β-modifications.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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