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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mößbauerspektroskopische Untersuchungen der Eisenkorrosion (1979)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 438-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mößbauerspectroscopic studies of the corrosion of ironThe mößbauerspectroscopic phase analysis is applied for studying the surface corrosion of pure iron. The results concern the rate, the layer structure, and phase transformations during the corrosion under mild and humid conditions, and the sub-rusting below protecting coatings. The study of exposed samples yields informations about the influence of aggressive atmospheres and of climate factors. Some conclusions are given concerning the formation of the lowest corrosion layer and the subsequent phase transformations.
    Notes: Die mößbauerspektroskopische Phasenanalyse wird auf die Untersuchung der Flächenkorrosion reinen Eisens angewandt. Es ergeben sich Aussagen über Verlauf Schichtung und Phasenumwandlungen bei Korrosion unter milden und feuchten Bedingungen und bei der Unterrostung von Anstrichen. Die Untersuchung ausgelagerter Proben bringt Informationen über den Einfluß aggressiver Abgase und klimatischer Faktoren. Es werden einige allgemeine Schlüsse über die Bildung der metallnahen Korrosionsschicht und nachfolgende Phasenumwandlungen gezogen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19790300606
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phasenumwandlungen in Korrosionsschichten auf Eisen: Mößbauerspektroskopische UntersuchungenHerrn Professor Karl Heinrich Lieser zum 60. Geburtstag (1981)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 296-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Phase transformations in corrosion layers on iron: Mössbauer spectroscopic studiesThe corrosion of steel surfaces was studied by Mössbauer spectroscopic phase analysis in scattering and transmission geometry.In atmospheres of low corrosivity, long exposure times result mainly in the relatively stable β-phases among the possible iron corrosion products. An increase in corrosivity by addition of hydrochloric acid leads to a pronounced formation of β-FeOOH, whereas the α-phases are absent. The influence of different coatings on the phase composition was also studied. The formation and transformation of the different iron containing phases in rust can be understood in terms of a stability diagram.Furthermore, the effect of so-called “rust transformers” was studied. None of these products showed the desired effect of phase transformations towards the formation of protective compounds such as Fe3O4. In some cases it was found that the rust transformers even caused a destruction of an already existing protective layer.
    Notes: Zur Untersuchung der Korrosion von Stahlblechen wurde die mößbauerspektroskopische Phasenanalyse in Transmissions- und Streugeometrie eingesetzt.Die Korrosion von Stahlblechen führt in einer Atmosphäre von geringer Korrosivität nach langen Expositionszeiten vorwiegend zu den relativ stabilen β-Phasen der möglichen Fe-Korrosionsprodukte. Bei durch HCl-Zusatz erhöhter Korrosivität ergibt sich eine Bevorzugung der Bildung von β-FeOOH und kein Auftreten der α-Phasen. Auch der Einfluß von. Beschichtungen auf die Phasenzusammensetzung wird behandelt. Die Entstehung und Umwandlung der verschiedenen Fe-haltigen Phasen im Rost läßt sich anhand eines Stabilitätsdiagramms verstehen. Auch die Wirkung von sogenannten „Rostumwandlern“ wird betrachtet. Sie führen nicht zu den beabsichtigten, sondern eher zu schädlichen Phasenumwandlungen in den Rostschichten.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19810320703
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mößbauer- und ESCA-Untersuchungen zur Bildung oxidischer Eisenphasen in wäßrigen Medien unter der Einwirkung organischer Korrosionsinhibitoren (1982)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 33 (1982), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mössbauer and ESCA investigations on the formation of oxidic iron phases in aqueous solution under the influence of organic corrosion inhibitorsCorrosion layers on steel grown in water of well defined hardness and chloride concentration were studied by Mossbauer and ESCA spectroscopy with particular emphasis on the influence of added organic inhibitors. Relatively thick layers were found with an unexpectedly small iron content (as FeOOH). The layers contain a remarkable amount of constituent ions from the solution and fragments of the inhibitors. The latter seem to be decomposed by the corrosive medium: It is assumed that the whole organic molecule determines the kind of transportation of the inhibitor to the iron metal, but that the inhibition itself is due to functional groups only.
    Notes: Korrosionsschichten auf Stahl nach Exposition in Wasser mit bestimmter Härte und Chloridgehalt wurden hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit beigefügter organischer Inhibitoren mittels Mößbauer- und ESCA-Spektroskopie untersucht. Es entstehen relativ dicke Schichten mit einem unerwartet niedrigen Eisengehalt in Form von FeOOH. Die Schichten enthalten merkliche Mengen von Ionen aus der Testlösung und auch Abbauprodukte der Inhibitormoleküle. Letztere werden anscheinend in dem korrosiven Medium zersetzt. Es ist anzunehmen, daß das Gesamtmolekül zwar den Transport des Inhibitors zum Metall beeinflußt, die eigentliche Inhibierung aber allein durch funktionelle Gruppen erfolgt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19820330106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface versus bulk composition of a phosphate glass (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transmission and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy as well as photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to study alterations of the surface layer of an iron containing industrial phosphate glass as compared with its bulk. In the surface layer, after polishing and exposure to ambient atmosphere, Fe2+ is partially oxidized to Fe3+. This oxidation, however, does not increase the O/P ratio in this layer, because it goes along with a strong leaching of network modifiers. This leaching leads to a net decrease of the O/P ratio because it overcompensates the relative oxygen increase by Fe2+ oxidation and by uptake of water.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740220158
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative XPS analysis of leached layers on optical glasses (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 796-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The corrosion of optical glasses often reduces the utility of uncoated glasses as well as the adhesion of resistive coatings deposited onto corroded glasses. Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to study glass surfaces with respect to their surface corrosion. In particular, leaching by the influence of polish slurries, pure water, air and even residual gases inside a vacuum device was studied in detail. Pure quartz glass and different sodium and barium silicate glasses were broken in ultrahigh vacuum (4 × 10-10 mbar) for the determination of sensitivity factors of the different XPS signals. It was found that a quantitative determination of the surface composition of corroded and leached layers is possible by determination of the intensities of the XPS O 1s, Si 2p, Si 2s, B 1s, Na 1s, Na 2s, Na 2p, Ba 3d and Ba 4d signals. After leaching in aqueous solutions, the barium is exchanged by hydrogen via an interdiffusion mechanism, resulting in an enrichment of different hydrogen bonds (H2O/H3O+, OH-, ≡Si—O—H) in the leached layer. An iterative algorithm is shown, which allows, in addition to the content of all other elements, the hydrogen content to be determined quantitatively in the leached layers. Furthermore, the calculation of the density of surface layers becomes possible. For an exact analysis of the leached layers the intensity loss by contamination layers is considered and the calculated density is used to perform matrix-dependent intensity corrections for the attenuation length.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740200908
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the Absolute Density of Fe3+ and Ni2+ Ions in Langmuir-Blodgett Films (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 68-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By means of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, mono- and multilayers of Ni2+ and Fe3+ containing fatty acid salts are transferred onto silicon wafers. After thermal treatment, oxidic layers can be produced.The absolute amounts of Fe3+ and Ni2+ ions per monolayer of LB film were measured and calculated by three different methods. In the case of nickel, the amount expected from theory and preparation conditions was obtained experimentally. In contrast, about twice the number of Fe3+ ions as expected is transferred. An explanation can be given by the presence of hydroxide groups bound to iron.The mean film thickness of the oxidic layers after thermal treatment was estimated where the thicknesses were found to be 〈1nm.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of energy-dependent detector efficiency in electron spectroscopic methods: XPS, AES and DCEMSDedicated to Professor Uli Gonser on the occasion of his 70th birthday (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 544-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Systematic studies were performed to investigate the distorting effect of the electron energy dependence of the channeltron detector efficiency on the shape of data distributions in electron spectroscopy. In agreement with earlier results for electron energies up to 3 keV, it was found that a virtually energy-independent shape of the electron distribution might be achieved even in a very broad range of electgron energies (up to 15 keV) by appropriate selection of the operational high voltage of a channeltron. However, the efficieny of channeltrons was also found to depend on count rates, indicating one of the principal difficulties in comparing distribution recorded under different experimental conditions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740200610
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mössbauerspektrometrische Messung von Korrosionsschichten (1970)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 21 (1970), S. 249-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mössbauer spectrometric measurement of corrosion filmsMössbauer spectrometry enables the composition of corrosion films on metals to be determined in a non-destructive way; paint coatings which may be present have just a negligible influence on the results (except if they contain Fe or heavy metals such as Pb). Specimen thickness can be neglected when the measurement is performed in the scattering geometry arrangement, because in this case material layers near the surface are involved exclusively. The degree of corrosion can be determined within 3 min with a precision of ±5 to 10%.
    Notes: Die Mössbauerspektrometrie ermöglicht die zerstörungsfreie Bestimmung der Zusammensetzung von Korrosionsschichten auf Metallen, wobei eventuelle Anstrichfilme das Ergebnis nur unwesentlich beeinflussen (es sei denn, sie enthalten Fe oder Schwermetalle wie Pb). Die Probendicke spielt keine Rolle, wenn die Messung in Streugeometrie durchgeführt wird, denn dabei werden nur die oberflächennahen Schichten erfaßt. Der Korrosionsgrad kann schon in 3 min mit einer Genauigkeit von ±5 bis 10% bestimmt werden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19700210402
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phase composition of the passive layer on iron (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 12 (1988), S. 430-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740120714
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the phase composition of iron-containing Langmuir-Blodgett layers before and after thermal and chemical treatment (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 450-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Iron-containing Langmuir-Blodgett mono- and multilayers were prepared by depositing ferric stearate onto silicon wafers. Particular care should be taken in order to avoid the presence of alkali ions, which may replace iron ions in the deposited film. By a subsequent heating in air, the fatty acid chains were thermodesorbed. This results in a rather homogeneous coating of the samples by an iron oxide, most probably in the form of crystalline and amorphous γ-FeOOH, as found by conversion electron Mössbauer, photoelectron and microprobe studies. By a subsequent heating in hydrogen gas or exposure to nascent hydrogen, a partial reduction of the iron oxide layer is possible up to the metallic state (α-Fe). The Mössbauer spectra show the formation of a mixture of different iron species (Fe3+, Fe2+, Fe0) depending on the reductive treatment.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740190184
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