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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation and cross-linking of ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber on reaction with maleic anhydride and/or peroxides (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 2549-2558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of EPR with dicumyl peroxide at 180°C or t-butyl perbenzoate at 140°C resulted in the formation of a fraction insoluble in cyclohexane at 22°C. The presence of maleic anhydride (MAH) in the EPR-peroxide reaction mixture increased the amount of insoluble polymer, whose concentration decreased as the peroxide concentration increased. The [η] of the cyclohexane-soluble polymer decreased and the MAH content increased as the peroxide concentration increased at constant MAH concentration. The [η] and the MAH content of the soluble polymer increased as the MAH concentration increased at constant peroxide concentration. The EPR-peroxide and EPR-MAH-peroxide reaction products were soluble in refluxing xylene and could be fractionated by precipitation with acetone. The presence of stearamide in the EPR-MAH-peroxide reaction mixture decreased the amount of cyclohexane-insoluble polymer, indicative of decreased cross-linking, but the [η] of the soluble EPR-g-MAH increased, indicative of decreased degradation, analogous to the effect of stearamide in the MAH-peroxide reactions with LDPE and PP, respectively.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330722
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinking of cellulose modified with polyacrylonitrile (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062325
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of polyacrylonitrile in cotton fabricsPresented at the Symposium on Carbohydrates, Cellulose and Cellulose Industries, organized by the Chemical Research Committee of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, India, at Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association, Ahmedabad, India, January 1962. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1581-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: With a sodium thiosulfate-potassium persulfate redox system, in situ polymerization of acrylonitrile was studied in cellulosic materials. Traces of copper are found to accelerate the rate of polymerization, giving higher yields on the treated materials. Other variables studied were (a) material/liquor ratios, (b) monomer concentrations, and (c) initiator concentrations. It is found that high material/liquor ratios and higher initiator concentrations cause increased polymer yields on cotton fabrics. Fabrics containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are resistant to microbial degradation. Acrylonitrile was polymerized in secondary cellulose acetate, mercerized cotton, and cellophane. Studies of the insolubility behavior of the treated cellulose acetate samples in acetone and dimethylformamide, and of mercerized cotton and cellophane in cuprammonium hydroxide, were carried out for the purpose of examining the presence of cellulose-PAN grafts. In the latter case, a constant ratio of cellulose to PAN was obtained in the cuprammonium hydroxide-insoluble fraction over a wide range of polymer add-ons. Alkaline saponification of the nitrile groups in the treated cotton fabrics, followed by a treatment with formaldehyde at pH 9-9.5 and subsequent curing in the presence of an acid catalyst, yield highly crosslinked fabrics which exhibit a considerable improvement in the wet crease recovery with slight loss in tensile and tear strengths. It is believed that these changes are brought about by the formation of a —CO · NH · CH2. O—cellulose type of crosslink. These results strongly support the presence of a cellulose-PAN graft.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070502
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous hydrolysis of cotton cellulose treated with different swelling agents (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 15-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acid hydrolyses of untreated cotton (scoured) and cottons treated in slack with three swelling agents were carried out for different periods. It was found that treatment with swelling agents decreases crystallinity and fiber strength and increases reactivity of cellulose. Such treatments also improve the strength-fluidity relation of the fibers. Swelling treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or ethylenediamine (EDA) improves strength uniformity along the fiber length. Both mild and drastic hydrolyses increase crystallinity of the untreated and the treated cottons. Crystallinity figures obtained by x-ray diffraction technique are different from those obtained by iodine sorption method. Treatment of acid-hydrolyzed cotton fibers with sodium hydroxide improves fiber strength considerably. When acid-hydrolyzed cotton is swollen with zinc chloride solution, crystallinity (x-ray) drops down to as low as 36%.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceric ion induced redox polymerization of acrylonitrile in presence of celluloseThis work forms part of the Ph.D. thesis of A. Y. Kulkarni. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2633-2633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090724
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and thermal stability of polyesters and polyamides from β-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl) glutaconic acid, diols, and diamines (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 154 (1987), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden Polyester- und Polyamidharze durch Kondensation von β-(2-Methoxy-5-methylphenyl)glutaconsäure mit Diolen und Diaminen hergestellt. Die Polykondensate wurden mit Hilfe von IR, TG, DSC, VPO und durch Elementaranalyse charakterisiert. Einige Polykondensate waren in Aceton, Dimethylformaid und Dioxan löslich. Alle Polymeren zersetzten sich zwischen 200 und 600°C. Ihr Erweichungspunkt lag zwischen 90 und 190°C, sie waren braunschwarz gefärbt. Die Kinetik der Zersetzung wurde untersucht. Die kinetischen Parameter sind nach der Methode von Broido ausgewertet worden. Es zeigte sich, daß die Aktivierungsenergie der Polykondensate von der Anwesenheit der Diol- und Diaminkomponenten im Polymeren abhängt.
    Notes: Some polyester and polyamide resins were prepared by condensing β-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl) glutaconic acid with diols and diamines. The polycondensates were characterized by IR, TG, DSC, VPO, and elemental analysis. Some polycondensates were found to be soluble in acetone, dimethylformamide, and dioxane. All polymers were found to decompose in the range of ≈200 to ≈600°C. Their softening points are in the range of ≈ 90 to ≈ 190°C. They are brown black in colour. The kinetics of decomposition were studied. The kinetic parameters were evaluated by the method of Broido. It is observed that the energy of activation of polycondensates depends upon the presence of diol and diamine components in the polymer.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1987.051540103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto wool X. Graft copolymerization of vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate in presence of potassium persulphate  -  ferrous ammonium sulphate (KPS-FAS) system as redox initiator (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 90 (1980), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Pfropf-Copolymerisation von Vinylacetat (VAC) und Methylacrylat (MA) auf Himachali-Wolle wurde bei 40, 45, 50 und 60°C in wäßrigem Medium mit einem KPS-FAS-System als Redoxinitiator untersucht. Eine maximale Pfropfung wurde mit VAC und mit MA bei 60°C erhalten. Ein Einfluß der Art des Vinylmonomeren auf die Pfropfung wurde untersucht. Die Pfropfausbeute wurde bestimmt als Funktion (a) der Monomerkonzentration, (b) des molaren Verhältnisses von FAS : KPS, (c) der Reaktionszeit und (d) der Temperatur. Die maximale Pfropfung wurde mit VAC und mit MA bei einem molaren Verhältnis von FAS : KPS = 0, 713 : 1 gefunden. Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit (Rp) und Induktionszeit (Ip) wurden als Funktion der gesamten anfänglichen Monomerkonzentration bestimmt. Es wurde gefunden, daß MA, ein Akzeptormonomeres, mehrfach reaktiver ist als VAC, ein Donormonomeres.
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAC) and methyl acrylate (MA) onto Himachali wool was studied at 40, 45, 50, and 60°C in aqueous medium by using (KPS-FAS) system as redox initiator. The maximum grafting of both VAC and MA occurred at 60°C. The nature of vinyl monomer was found to influence grafting. The percentage of grafting was determined as functions of (a) concentration of monomer, (b) molar ratio of FAS/KPS, (c) reaction time and (d) temperature. Maximum grafting of both VAC and MA occurred at a molar ratio of FAS:KPS = 0.713 : 1. The rate of grafting (Rp) and the induction period (Ip) of VAC and MA were determined as a function of total initial monomer concentration. MA, an acceptor monomer was found to be several times more reactive than VAC, a donor monomer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1980.050900108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on polycarbonate-viton GF blends (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 189 (1991), S. 77-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das thermische und dynamisch-mechanische Verhalten von Blends aus Polycarbonat (PC) und Viton GF, einem Fluorelastomeren, wurde untersucht. Bei einem Gehalt von 20 Gew.-% Viton GF wurde eine signifikante Verbesserung der Schlagzähigkeit des PC (ca. 100%) beobachtet.Die rasterelektronenmikroskopisch charakterisierte Morphologie der Blends zeigt gleichförmig verteilte Elastomerkügelchen in der PC-Matrix, deren Zahl mit dem Elastomergehalt zunimmt.Der Abtrag der Oberflächen von formgepreßten Platten aus PC/Viton GF-Blends durch Sandstrahlen wurde in Abhängigkeit vom Strahlwinkel und von der Sandmenge gemessen. PC zeigte ein Erosionsmaximum bei einem Winkel von 30°. Mit zunehmender Elastomerkonzentration nahm die spezifische Erosion der Blends ab.
    Notes: The effect of addition of different amounts of Viton GF, a fluoroelastomer, on the properties of polycarbonate (PC) was investigated. A significant improvement in impact strength (ca. 100%) was observed on addition of 20 wt.-% of Viton GF. Thermal and dynamic mechanical behaviour of the blends was also investigated.The morphology of these blends was studied by scanning electron microscopy which revealed an uniform distribution of rubber cavities in polycarbonate matrix. The number of rubber cavities increased with increase of rubber content. Erosive wear studies were carried out on compression moulded sheets of PC and PC/Viton GF blends using a sand blasting rig. The effect of impact angle and the amount of abrasive used on the erosive behaviour was investigated. Polycarbonate showed a maximum erosion at an impact angle of 30°. A reduction in specific erosion was observed with increasing concentration of elastomer in the blends.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1991.051890107
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the evidence of crosslinking in methyl pendent PBZT fiber (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 1881-1891 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: crosslinking ; poly(p-phenylene benzobis thiazole) ; PBZT ; methyl pendant PBZT ; 13C solid state NMR ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to influence the compressive strength of the rigid rod polymeric fibers, methyl pendent poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) fibers have been heat treated in the 400 to 550°C temperature range in air and in nitrogen for varying times to achieve intermolecular crosslinking. These fibers have been examined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) swelling behavior, and scanning electron microscopy. 13C NMR has also been carried out on solutions of as-spun fibers. Fibers heat-treated at 400°C, both in nitrogen and in air, up to heat-treatment times of 60 min are insoluble in 99% chlorosulfonic acid, however no direct evidence of crosslinking has been obtained for these fibers using spectroscopic techniques, suggesting that in these fibers the degree of crosslinking must be very low. Evidence that methyl groups are precursors to certain crosslinks was first seen via a weak methylene resonance in 13C solid-state NMR, corresponding to about 2% of the original methyl intensity, in a sample heat-treated at 450°C in air. Fibers heat-treated in nitrogen at 550°C for 10 minutes do not exhibit any swelling in chlorosulfonic acid, are brittle, have lost most methyl groups; however, some CH2 groups form. In this fiber, the carbon intensity for the CH2 group in the 13C solid-state NMR is 18% of the intensity for the CH3 group in the as-spun fiber. The fibers heat-treated at 400 and 450°C show a fibrillar morphology, while the fibrillar morphology is not observed in the fibers heat-treated at 550°C in nitrogen for 10 min. Based on this work, it is our judgment that if heat treatment of this material is to improve compressive strength, the heat treatment protocol of time and temperature will probably be critical and the highest temperatures of exposure will probably lie in the 450 to 550°C range. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential switching of optical properties in polymer electrolytes (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 2057-2062 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: ionic conductivity ; optical properties ; polymer electrolyte ; reflectance ; refractive index ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The electric field dependence of the optical properties of a series of anion-conducting polymer electrolytes at an ITO-electrolyte interface was investigated. A change in reflectance and refractive index of polymer electrolytes [poly(ethyl methacrylate)]18(Bu3SnX)3Bu4NX where X = Cl, Br, and SCN was observed. This was ascribed to anion accumulation/depletion in the interfacial region. Shorter response times were observed for electrolytes with higher conductivities, illustrating the interrelationship between these two phenomena. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2057-2062, 1997
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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