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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 43 (1992), S. 381-387 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hastelloy alloy B-42 weld overlay weldingAlloy NiMo 28, Mat. No. 2.4617 (HASTELLOY alloy B-2), is known for its excellent corrosion resistance in hydrochloric and sulfuric acids over a wide range of concentrations and temperatures. Under critical conditions, however, severe corrosion can occur in welds (weld deposit and HAZ). This is attributed to molybdenum depletion of the microstructure.The properties of a filler material were investigated which contained an excessive amount of molybdenum over the parent alloy. This filler is called HASTELLOY alloy B-42, a nickel alloy having about 42% molybdenum. The much less ductile HASTELLOY alloy B-42 weld deposit is more corrosion resistant in hydrochloric and sulfuric acids than wrought HASTELLOY alloy B-2 and Hastelloyalloy B-2 filler. It can therefore be applied as weld overlay of HASTELLOY alloy B-2 welds subject to critical corrosion conditions. In field testing promising results were obtained. Currently only TIG rod having a diameter of not less than 4.76 mm (0.187“) are available which are causing handling problems. Tube wire with a diameter of 2.5 mm (0.098“) is under development and will be available shortly.
    Notes: Die Legierung NiMo 28, Werkst.-Nr. 2.4617 (Hastelloy alloy B-2) besitzt in weiten Konzentrations- und Temperaturbereichen eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit in Salz- und Schwefelsäuren. Bei Grenzbeanspruchung sind Jedoch ernste Korrosionserscheinungen und Schweißverbindungen (Schweißgut, Wärmeeinflußzonen) zu beobachten; diese selektive Korrosion ist molybdänverarmten Gefügebereichen zuzuschreiben.Untersucht wurden die Eigenschaften eines an Molybdän überlegierten Schweißzusatzwerkstoffes: Hastelloy alloy B-42, einer Nickel-Legierung mit rd. 42% Molybdän. Das wenig duktile B-42-Schweißgut ist in Salz- und Schwefelsäure korrosionsbeständiger als der Knetwerkstoff Hastelloy alloy B-2 und dessen artgleiches Schweißgut; B-42 bietet sich zur Abdeckung korrosionsgefährdeter Schweißnähte in Hastelloy alloy B-2 an. Betriebliche Erprobungen verliefen erfolgversprechend. Derzeit steht nur ein schweißtechnisch schwierig zu handhabender gegossener WIG-Stab mit 4,76 mm Ø zur Verfügung; in Entwicklung befindet sich eine Fülldrahtelektrode mit 2,5 mm Ø, die in Kürze erhältlich ist.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 657-661 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The new bulk, melt-textured grown composite Nd0.5Y0.5Ba2Cu3O7-δ, which also forms large single crystals, has the standard high-Tc 123 orthorhombic structure when oxygenated and a very high critical current density in a magnetic field of 0.5 T. Both of these results were not anticipated, as the Nd and Y ions are significantly different in size, while the absence of Y211 and/or Nd422 precipitates within the 123 grains indicates that a new pinning mechanism is responsible for the highJc. A possible mechanism has been attributed in part to the partial substitution of Nd3+ in the Ba2+ site, but to further understand this material and to further optimize its processing route for application purposes, we have carried out an XPS study of its electronic structure using cleaved surfaces of single crystals. The data obtained are analysed and discussed in terms of that found for high-quality Re 123 single crystals where Re is either Nd or Y.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 3781-3783 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthetic route to polyetherimides by displacement of nitro-groups from disubstituted bis-imides by the dianion of bisphenols are described. The prepration of bis-imides and bisphenol dianions, their polymerization, and some of the properties of the polymers are presented in detail. The 13C-NMR spectra of intermediates and products were used to establish compositions and determine molecular weights.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1615-1617 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 35-43 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A thermosetting resin consisting of a mixture of vinyl-terminated oligomeric ethers was prepared by a two-step synthesis. This required the reaction of 1,4-bis (chloromethyl) benzene with the potassium salt of bisphenol A, and subsequent vinylation of the chloromethyl end groups by means of a Wittig reaction. The linear vinyl prepolymers were thermally crosslinked through their reactive styryl end groups (without the addition of catalyst) to produce castings and woven glass laminates. A study of the crosslinking process was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The water absorption and the thermooxidative stability of the crosslinked polymer were investigated. A styrene solution of the oligomeric ethers was also crosslinked, using benzoyl peroxide as a catalyst. The moisture absorption characteristics of the crosslinked styrene copolymer were compared with those of the crosslinked homopolymer. Both substances showed hydrophobic character.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Simulated Heat-Affected Zone Studies of Hastelloy B-2Gleeble studies show that as-welded HAZ corrosion resistance of a low carbon nickel-molybdenum alloy can be preserved by using gasshielded-arc or covered electrode welding. A heat-affected zone study was conducted on a low carbon, nickel-molybdenum, corrosion resistant alloy, commercially known as Hastelloy alloy B-2. Six different production heats were thermally cycled with the Gleeble apparatus to 1300 °C (2372 °F) under several conditions to simulate the heat-affected zones produced by a number of different welding processes. Specimens were subsequently tested in boiling 10% HCl and in 20% HCl at 150 °C (302 °F) in an autoclave.Most of the corrosion penetration measurements were found to be less than the maximum allowable limits, reaffirming that the as-welded heat-affected zone corrosion resistance of alloy B-2 can be preserved when welding is accomplished with the recommended shielded metal rec, gas tungsten arc, and gas metal arc processes.
    Notes: An einer korrosionsbeständigen Nickel-Molybdän-Legierung mit niedrigem Kohlenstoffgehalt, bekannt unter der Bezeichnung Hastelloy B-2Hastelloy ist ein eingetragener Handelsname der Cabot Corporation, wurde eine Untersuchung der Wärmeeinflußzone (WEZ) durchgeführt. Sechs verschiedene Produktionsschmelzen wurden im Gleeble-Schweißsimulator Temperaturzyklen bis 1300 °C unter verschiedenen Bedingungen unterworfen, um die Verhältnisse in der Wärmeeinflußzone, wie sie bei Anwendung verschiedener Schweißverfahren vorliegen, zu untersuchen. Die Proben wurden anschließend in 10%iger siedender Salzsäure und in 20%iger Salzsäure im Autoklaven bei 150 °C geprüft. Die Messung der Eindringtiefe ergab bei den meisten Proben Werte, die unterhalb der zulässigen Eindringtiefe liegen. Damit wird erneut bestätigt, daß die Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Hastelloy B-2 in der Wärmeeinflußzone im geschweißten, d. h. nicht wärmenachbehandelten Zustand gegeben ist, wenn die für das Verbindungsschweißen dieses Werkstoffs empfohlenen Schweißverfahren Metall-Lichtbogen-schweißen mit umhüllter Stabelektrode, Wolfram-Inertgas-Schweißen (WIG) und Metall-Inertgas-Schweißen (MIG) angewendet werden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 29 (1998), S. 141-152 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hartstoffschichten auf Leichtmetall-Komponenten unter mechanischer OberflächenbeanspruchungIn der vorliegenden Studie wurde das Verhalten von hartstoffbeschichteten Leichtmetallkomponenten unter mechanischer Oberflächenbeanspruchung untersucht. Hierzu wurden drei Leichtmetallegierungen (Ti-6Al-4V, A1Si7Mg und AlMgSi0.5) sowie 100Cr6 - Stahl (als Vergleichsmaterial) mit zwei unterschiedlichen PVD-Verfahren beschichtet: radio frequency magnetron sputtering und electron beam evaporation. Als Schichtmaterialien wurden CrN und TiN verwendet. Um die verschiedenen Substrat/Schicht-Kombinationen hinsichtlich ihres Belastungsvermögens zu beurteilen, wurden Standard-Testmethoden angewendet, die jeweils eine andere Lastsituation simulieren: der Härtetest (der eine statische Normalkraft aufbringt), der Ritztest (der eine statische Normalkraft mit einer statischen Tangentialkraft überlagert) und der Impacttest (der eine dynamische Normalkraft aufbringt).Es wurde beobachtet, daß das Belastungsvermögen beschichteter Materialien von der vorherrschenden Lastsituation abhängt. Die beschichteten Aluminiumlegierungen wiesen unter allen getesteten Lastsituationen ein geringes Belastungsvermögen auf. Allerdings zeigten sie eine höhere Oberflächenhärte als unbeschichteter Stahl. Beschichtetes Ti-6Al-4V wies ein hohes Belastungsvermögen auf, vergleichbar mit beschichtetem Stahl. Bei sämtlichen beschichteten Leichtmetallsubstraten war eine signifikante Verbesserung des Belastungsvermögens mit zunehmender Schichtdicke zu erkennen.An den Ergebnissen des Ritztests, welcher weitverbreitet zur Untersuchung der Haftung dünner Schichten eingesetzt wird, war auf den Aluminiumsubstraten ein sofortiger Durchbruch des Prüfdiamanten durch die Schichten zu beobachten. Es traten keinerlei Abplatzungen auf. Aufgrund dieses Verhaltens erscheint der Ritztest nicht geeignet, um die Schichthaftung auf Leichtmetallsubstraten zu untersuchen. Im Gegensatz dazu wies das Schadensbild des Impacttests auch auf den Aluminiumsubstraten Schichtabplatzungen auf, was auf dessen Eignung zur Beurteilung des Haftungsvermögens dünner Schichten auf sehr weichen Substraten schließen läßt.Die Studie zeigt, daß in bestimmten Anwendungsgebieten eine Substitution des Stahls durch hartstoffbeschichtete Leichtmetallegierungen möglich ist.
    Notes: In this work the behaviour of hard coated light-metal components was investigated when they are mechanically loaded. Three lightmetal alloys, Ti-6Al-4V, AlSi7Mg and AlMgSi0.5 and 100Cr6 steel (as a reference material) were coated by two different physical vapour deposition processes: radio frequency magnetron sputtering and electron beam evaporation. The coating materials utilised were CrN and TiN. Standard test methods with different loading conditions were used to evaluate the substrate/coating-combinations: the hardness test (applying a static normal load), the scratch test (applying a combination of a static normal and a static tangential force) and the impact test (applying a dynamic normal load).It was observed that the load support of coated materials depends on the loading conditions. The coated aluminium alloys showed poor load support under all loading test conditions but produced a higher surface hardness than uncoated steel. Coated Ti-6Al-4V showed very good load support properties, similar to coated steel. All coated light-metal substrates demonstrated significant improvement in load support behaviour with an increase in coating thickness.The results of the scratch test, which is commonly used to asses adhesion properties of thin coatings, showed an immediate indenter-breakthrough on the aluminium alloy substrates, but causing no coating delamination. Due to this behaviour, the scratch test is not suitable to evaluate adhesion properties on coated soft light-metals. Yet the impact test allowed assessment of coating delamination on the aluminium alloys, proving its usefulness for adhesion measurement even on soft substrates.The study indicates that substitution of steel with coated lightmetal alloys is a viable proposition for certain applications.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 33 (1993), S. 453-457 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions between water-insoluble and water-soluble components are often slow, giving low yields. In order to prepare glycolipids composed of polysialic acid and N-(4-(p-maleimidylphenyl)butyryl)dipalmitoyl-L-α-phosphatidylethanol amine triethylammonium salt, we used liposomes to enhance the interfacial reaction between the reagents. Thus, thiolreactive liposomes were reacted with polysialic acid cysteamine. A 70% yield was achieved with this addition reaction, and the product was isolated by dialysis and centrifugation © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It was previously shown that the two replacements Gly 77 ↠ Ala (G77A) and Ala 82 ↠ Pro (A82P) increase the thermostability of phage T4 lysozyme at pH 6.5. Such replacements are presumed to restrict the degrees of freedom of the unfolded protein and so decrease the entropy of unfolding [B. W. Matthews, H. Nicholson, and W. J. Becktel (1987) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA Vol. 84, pp. 6663-6667].To further test this approach, three additional replacements - G113A, K60P and A93P -  have been constructed. On the basis of model building, each of these three replacements was judged to be less than optimal because it would tend to introduce unfavorable van der Waals contacts with neighboring parts of the protein. The presence of such contacts was verified for G113A and K60P by conformational adjustments seen in the crystal structures of these mutant proteins. In the case of G113A there are backbone conformational changes of 0.5-1.0 Å in the short α-helix, 108-113, that includes the site of substitution. In the case of K60P the pyrrolidine ring shows evidence of strain. The thermal stability of each of the three variants at both pH 2.0 and pH 6.5 was found to be very close to that of wild-type lysozyme. The results suggest that the procedure used to predict sites for both Xaa ↠ Pro and Gly ↠ Ala is, in principle, correct. At the same time, the increase in stability expected from substitutions of this type is modest, and can easily be offset by strain associated with introduction of the alanine or proline. This means that the criteria used to select substitutions that will increase thermostability have to be stringent at least. In the case of T4 lysozyme this severely limits the number of sites. The analysis reveals a significant discrepancy between the conformational energy surface predicted for the residue preceding a proline and the conformations observed in crystal structures. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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