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  • 1
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Previous calculations have suggested that the formation and the stability of charge transfer bonds in doped polyconjugated systems may be maximized by a favored topology of the dopant molecule. The preferred site of attack is found where the steric hindrance is minimized. Following these principles, regiospecific poly(3,3″-dihexyl-2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene) was synthesized and doped with FeCl3. The time and temperature dependence of the dedoping process has been studied by the analysis of the doping induced infrared spectrum. This material in the doped state shows an extremely great stability (in air, even at relatively high temperatures) never previously reported for any other doped system.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 21 (1970), S. 449-457 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anodic protection ot titanium in the rayon industryA shell and tube exchanger of Ti for preheating spinning baths (47 to 75°C) is operating under an anodic protection potential of 10 to 15 V during two years' operation no measurable thinning has been found. In this connection it is important to prevent crevice corrosion, either by suitable design or by using a tube plate of Ti with 0,2% Pd. Proto-types of exchangers have been used to establish the throwing power of electrodes mounted at different points in the equipment.
    Notes: Ein Rohrbündelaustauscher aus Ti zum Vorerhitzen won Spinnbad (47 auf 75 °C) arbeitet mit einer anodischen Schutzspannung von 10 bis 15 V; im Laufe von 2 Jahren konnte keine meß;bare Dickenabnahme gefunden werden. Wichtig ist hierbei die Verhinderung der Möglichkeit von Spaltkorrosion, entweder durch konstruktive Maß;nahmen oder durch Verwendung eines Rohrbodens aus Ti mit 0,2% Pd. An Apparate-Prototypen wurde wor allem das Streuvermögen von an verschiedenen Stellen angebrachten Elektroden untersucht.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 700-712 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Schichtkorrosionsmechanismus der Aluminiumlegierung 7020Die erste notwendige Voraussetzung für das Auftreten von Schichtkorrosion ist eine faserige Textur. Transkristalline Schichtkorrosion, die gelegentlich beobachtet wird, durchläuft ungenügend rekristallisierte Körner mit einer aus Resten von Faserstrukturen bestehenden Substruktur. Ebenso wie bei der interkristallinen Korrosion wird diese Korrosionsart durch die Bildung kontinuierlicher anodischer Zonen bestimmt. Diese Zonen liegen im Falle der Schichtkorrosion in Ebenen, die sich parallel zur Walzrichtung ausbreiten. Im Falle von Schweißverbindungen der Legierung 7020-T 6 sind zwei Arten der Schichtkorrosion beobachtet worden, je nachdem, um welchen Typ von anodischen Zonen es sich dabei handelt: Der erste Typ ist mit den Hauptlegierungselementen (Mg und Zn) verbunden, die sich in den Korngrenzen während der kurzzeitigen Erhitzung von Schweißen auf 200 bis 250°C als MgZn2 ausscheiden.Der zweite Typ ist wieder verbunden mit Nebenlegierungselementen, d.h. Chrom und/oder Mangan.Es wird angenommen, daß die Ausscheidung von Partikelschichten, wie von Adenis berichtet wurde, zu einer Verarmung der benachbarten festen Lösungen führt, die dadurch gegenüber dem restlichen Metall anodisch werden. Die Schichtkorrosion ist bedingt durch anodische Reaktionen der folgenden Legierungen (Härtungszustand T 4): \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {Al - 5\% Zn - 1\% Mg - 0.3\% Cr} \hfill & {Al - 5\% Zn - 1\% Mg - 0.5\% Mn} \hfill \\ {1050 + Mn} \hfill & {1050 + Cr} \hfill \\\end{array} $$\end{document}Damit die Schichtkorrosion auch ohne galvanische Ströme ablaufen kann, muß zusätzlich zum Chrom oder Mangan auch Eisen vorhanden sein, das die kathodische Reaktion passiviert; außerdem ist Zink in fester Lösung (T 4) erforderlich, welches das Potential der anodischen Zonen um etwa 100 m V erniedrigt. Der Einfluß des Zinks verschwindet, sofern es ausgeschieden ist (T 6).
    Notes: The first necessary condition for the occurrence of exfoliation corrosion is the existence of a fibrous texture. Transgranular exfoliation corrosion, which can be observed in some instances, develops through grains in which recrystallization is incomplete and which exhibit a substructure with remnants of a fibrous structure.As with intergranular corrosion, the controlling parameter is the formation of continuous anodic zones. In the case of exfoliation corrosion, these anodic zones are localized in planes parallel to the „fabrication orientation“.In the case of the welded 7020-T 6 alloy, two types of exfoliation corrosion have been observed, depending upon the nature of the anodic zones: -The first type is related to the main elements, magnesium and zinc, which precipitate in the grain boundaries as large anodic MgZn2 particles during a short reheat (welding) at 200° - 250°C.-The second type is related to the secondary elements, chromium and/or manganese.It is hypothesized that the precipitation of particle layers, reported by ADENIS, depletes the neighbouring solid solution, thus making it anodic with respect to the rest of the metal. The exfoliation corrosion develops by anodic attack of the following alloys in the T4 condition: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {Al - 5\% Zn - 1\% Mg - 0.3\% Cr} \hfill & {Al - 5\% Zn - 1\% Mg - 0.5\% Mn} \hfill \\ {1050 + Mn} \hfill & {1050 + Cr} \hfill \\\end{array} $$\end{document}For the phenomenon to occur without galvanic current, in addition to chromium or manganese, it is necessary to have iron which depassivates the cathodic reaction and zinc in solid solution (T 4) which lowers, by about 100 m V, the anodic zones potential. The influence of zinc becomes nul when it is precipitated (T 6).
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 545-553 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The stress-strain properties of natural rubber and synthetic cis-polyisoprene vulcanizates have been investigated over a large range of extensions. The results are in qualitative agreement with those of Mullins, in that the upturn of a Mooney-Rivlin plot is ascribed to finite extensibility effects. It is further found that the stress-strain curves can be adequately described by a modification of existing non-Gaussian theory. Analysis of the curves shows significant finite extensibility effects even at extensions well below the upturn. Thus, division of stress-strain curves into Gaussian and non-Gaussian regions is to be avoided. Values for n, the number of statistical segments between crosslinks, were calculated using the proposed treatment. The values of n found were relatively unaffected by temperature. Further, the molecular weight of a statistical segment was found to be about the same for synthetic cis-polyisoprene as for natural rubber despite differences in the crystallization behavior. Crystallization effects are therefore thought to be of little importance in determining the position of the upturn. The equivalent statistical segment was found to be 4.3 isoprene units for natural rubber and cis-polyisoprene.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1549-1561 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Master curves for polystyrene, poly(methyl acrylate), and poly(methyl methacrylate) in stress relaxation are reported. The method used to obtain a wide range in modulus is to combine torsional creep data for high modulus regions with direct stress relaxation data for low moduli. The composite curves obtained are compared with existing literature data. The master curve for polystyrene obtained by a ball indentation method is also reported. Characteristic viscoelastic parameters derived from the data are tabulated.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 4 (1960), S. 92-94 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The Schulz and Blaschke equation in the rearranged form of Hart was used for reasonably precise calculation of the intrinsic viscosity from a single measured specific viscosity for stereoregular polybutene-1 in Decalin and for a series of alkyl methacrylate polymers in good and poor solvents. A single value of N can be used for each system provided careful measurements are made at specific viscosities somewhat below 1.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2 (1959), S. 340-344 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: When purified rubber is exposed in vacuo to high energy radiation, very few conjugated triene groups are formed relative to the number of molecules of hydrogen evolved. This indicates that less than 4% of the hydrogen is evolved from adjacent carbon atoms in the same molecule, a reaction which would have no immediate crosslinking potential. Rather more conjugated diene groups have been detected, but when these are compared together with triene groups relative to the yield of chemical crosslinks it can be calculated that less than 10% of the allylic radical precursors disproportionate. Infrared absorption spectra do not indicate the marked decrease in unsaturation reported by some previous workers. Slight changes in the infared spectra may indicate some cis-trans isomerization. There is qualitative evidence for a small increase in vinylidene unsaturation.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2825-2833 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of styrene-acenaphthylene copolymers was prepared by thermal polymerization. Homogeneous samples were obtained except for those compositions where the initial concentration of styrene monomer was 40-60 mole-%. Master curves and characteristic viscoelastic parameters were obtained for the homogeneous copolymers. The plot of Tg vs. copolymer composition yielded a linear relationship.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 4 (1960), S. 367-368 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Batch copolymers, made by polymerizing acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, and 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine (MVP) with a chlorate-sulfite redox catalyst, are fractionated with respect to MVP content when they are fractionated with respect to molecular weight or polymer grain size. Polymer fractions of lowest molecular weight or smallest grain size contain the most MVP. A mechanism is proposed to explain these facts. To test the proposed mechanism, both ultraviolet and electron microscopes are used to study polymer formed during the early stages of batch polymerization. The effects of adding MVP, and of total monomer concentration, on the particles formed are determined. Interpretations of the microscopical observations are compared with the chemical interpretation. When MVP is present, the initial particles formed are more soluble, form colloidal particles less readily, and stabilize the colloidal particles, if formed, due to the charges on the polymer Initial particles with highest MVP content form polymer of lowest molecular weight and aggregate into the smallest polymer grains.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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