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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (14,223)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric investigation of isotropic and anisotropic solutions of cellulose acetate in dioxane (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 37 (1995), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: cellulose acetate ; dioxane solutions ; dielectric behaviour ; anisotropy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric and optical characteristics of a sample of cellulose acetate (DS = 2.45) in dioxane solutions were studied at 10-50°C of concentration 10-50 wt% to include both isotropic and anisotropic phases. The study showed that the loss maximum, εmax″, magnitude of polarization, (ε0 - ε∞), static dielectric constant, ε0, time of relation, (2πfm)-1, and refractive index, nD, steadily increase with concentration up to the critical concentration (41 wt%) and then decrease. The mean-square dipole moment, 〈gμ2〉, decreases steadily up to the critical concentration then remains nearly constant, indicating that the isotropic solution changes to anisotropic, with smaller mean-square dipole moment. Comparison between the results of cellulose acetate (CA) and those of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) reveals that, at the critical concentration in dioxane, the cholesteric structure of HPC possesses a greater mean-square dipole moment with higher temperature coefficient than does CA. The activation energy of the relaxation process for hydroxypropyl cellulose is higher, indicating a greater intrachain interaction compared with cellulose acetate.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1995.210370103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric investigation of isotropic and anisotropic solutions of hydroxypropyl cellulose in dioxan (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 34 (1994), S. 363-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: hydroxypropyl cellulose ; dioxan ; dielectric behaviour ; refractive index ; isotropy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric behaviour of hydroxypropyl cellulose in dioxan has been studied at 10-50°C over a range of concentration of 10-55 wt% to include the isotropic and anisotropic phases. The study showed that the loss maximum ε″max magnitude of polarization ε0 - ε∞ relaxation time 1/2πfm degree of broadening of the absorption curves 1-h or α, and the mean-square dipole moment 〈gμ2〉, steadily increase with concentration up to 42 wt%, above which a rapid decrease takes place. This indicates that the isotropic solution transforms to an anisotropic solution with a smaller mean dipole moment. The critical concentration is realized to be temperature invariant. This was evidenced by measuring the refractive index of solutions covering the same concentration and temperature ranges.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210340402
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the electrical conductivity of FEF carbon black-loaded sbr vulcanizates (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 150 (1987), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde die elektrische Leitfähigkeit von Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk (SBR-1502), der mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen von sehr schnell spritzbarem Furnace-Ruß (70, 80, 90 und 100 phr) beladen war, untersucht. Auf der Basis des Modells von Holm wurde eine qualitative Beschreibung für die elektrische Leitfähigkeit durch diese Verbundstoffe gesucht. Der Druckkoeffizient K wurde berechnet und zeigte eine starke Abhängigkeit von den Rußkonzentrationen.
    Notes: The electrical conduction was investigated in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR-1502) loaded with different concentrations of fast extrusion furnace (FEF) black (70, 80, 90, and 100 phr). On the bases of Holm's model, a qualitative description for the electrical conduction through these composites was sought. The pressure coefficient K was calculated and found to be strongly dependent on the carbon black concentrations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1987.051500103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sur certaince propriétes des polymères greffés en solution (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 34 (1959), S. 517-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In order to establish the general solubility rules for graft copolymers, a first theory has been proposed from data in the literature and from our own results, a experimental basis is given for a more advanced theory. Two limited cases have been considered; (a) The polymers are perfectly miscible, (b) both polymers are completely incompatible. In case (a) the solubility coefficient of the graft copolymers is an arithmetic means of those of the corresponding homopolymers. In case (b) it is impossible to attribute a solubility coefficient to the graft copolymer, and in some cases, the copolymers with an intermediate degree of grafting should be insoluble. The separation of graft copolymers PVC-PAN, PVC-PMMA, PVC-PAN, and PI-PS from their homopolymers was studied and the results discussed on the basis of this theory. In the case of the graft copolymer PI-PS, although both polymers are incompatible, the difference between the solubility coefficients is sufficiently low so that the behavior of this graft copolymer is analogous to case (a) and it is possible to evaluate the degree of grafting from the limits of precipitation. The experimental results of different authors, related to the solubility of graft copolymers, are discussed.
    Notes: Afin d'établir des régles générales de solubilité des copolymères greffés, nous proposons une ébauche de théorie et nous essayons de dégager, à partir de nos résultats et des données bibliographiques existantes, une base expérimentale pour une théorie plus perfectionnée. Les deux cas limités suivants sont envisagés:(a) Les polymeères sont parfaitement miscibles; (b) les deux polymères sont complètement incompatibles.Dans le cas (a), le coefficient de solubilité des copolymères greffés est une moyenne arithmétique de ceux des homopolyméres correspondants. Dans le cas (b), il est impossible d'attribuer au copolymère greffé un coefficient de solubilité et dans certaines conditions, les copolymères de taux de greffage intermédiaire devraient ětre insolubles. La séparation des copolymères greffés PVC-PAN, PVC-PMMA, PVC-PAN et PI-PS des homopolymères est étudiée et les résultats discutés à la lumière de la théorie cidessus. Dans le cas du copolymère greffé PI-PS, bien que les deux polymères constituants soient incompatibles, l'écart entre les coefficients de solubilité est suffisamment petit pour que son comportement se rapproche du cas (a) et il est possible d'évaluer le taux de greffage à partit des limites de précipitation. Les résultats expérimentaux de différents auteurs, relatifs à la solubilité des copolymères greffé sont également discutés.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203412737
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire fatality study (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 3 (1979), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Over a six-year period, 530 fire fatalities resulting from 398 fires were studied in the State of Maryland. The study had two major objectives: (1) to determine the specific cause of death by a detailed autopsy stud of fire victims, and (2) to determine the specific cause of fatality-producing fire by an on-the-scene fire investigation. The fire fatality study was limited to residential fires and to fatalities that occurred within 6 h of the fire. The results of the toxicological analysis show that (1) 60% of the victims had a carboxyhemoglobin value greater than or equal to 50% carbon monoxide saturation, (2) an additional 20% had elevated carboxyhemoglobin with preexisting cardiovascular disease, (3) 11% of the victims had severe burns, (4) 9% were unexplained and (5) 40% of the victims had positive blood alcohol levels with 30% of these meeting the legal definition of intoxication (blood alcohol ≥0.1%). The fire investigations confirmed that the predominant fatal scenario is the cigarette ignition of upholstered furniture or bedding. This scenario accounted for 47% of the fires and 44% of the victims. Alcohol also appears to be significant factor in this scenario.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810030406
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of solvent traces on the ultraviolet degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 83-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ultraviolet degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) films was studied in a photoreactor which supplied energy near 3000 Å. It was noted that the rate of degradation and color development was increased when the level of residual solvent in the cast films was increased. Two solvents were employed in the study: tetrahydrofuran and dichloroethane. The amount of residual solvent was correlated with the height of a characteristic peak at 2800 Å for tetrahydrofuran and 1900 Å for dichloroethane. Films which had very small traces of solvent showed excellent resistance to ultraviolet degradation, even in the absence of ultraviolet stabilizers. The analysis of solubility data showed that chain scission was controlling in the early stages of exposure, while crosslinking was controlling at later stages. As a result, it was not possible to apply Charlesby's treatment of radiation-induced degradation. Comparison with the results obtained by other workers for degradation at 2537 Å showed that degradation at this wavelength was much faster than degradation at 3000 Å. Furthermore, degradation at 2537 Å appeared to be controlled by crosslinking at all stages of exposure.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical factors affecting soiling and soil release from cotton-containing durable press fabric. VI. Effect of introduction of carboxymethyl groups in the cotton component of polyester/cotton blendThis research has been financed in part by a grant made by United States Department of Agriculture, Research Service, authorized by Public Law 480. (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3703-3719 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Partial carboxymethylation of the cotton component of polyester/cotton blend prior to durable press finishing with dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea in presence of MgCl2·6H2O was carried out under different conditions to control the carboxyl content as well as alteration of the blend components accompanying the chemical modification. The susceptibility of these modified blend samples before and after crosslinking to aqueous and nonaqueous oily soiling and their ability to release the soil was examined. The general indications are that introduction of carboxymethyl groups in the molecular structure of the cotton component of the blend imparts soil release characteristics of the blend provided that (a) the condition of partial carboxymethylation is not accompanied by profound changes in neither the microstructure of the cotton component nor in the polyester content of the blend and (b) the carboxymethyl content should not be so high. It is proposed that the anionic nature of the modified cotton component of the blend during washing helps in repelling the negatively charged soil particles from the blend surface. In addition, a reduction in the interfacial tension at the soil-water interface assists in rolling up the soil and subsequent removal. This can be turned to the opposite if the electrostatic repulsion is masked through creation of soft swollen environment by significantly increasing the carboxymethyl content, decreasing the polyester content, and/or increasing the swellability of cotton component of the blend.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271007
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of hydrostatic pressure on the electrical properties of unvulcanized FEF-loaded SBR (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 1327-1337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Styrene butadience rubber (SBR-1502) loaded with different concentrations of FEF carbon black was tested to find out the effect of pressure on its electrical properties during vulcanization. Using the thermodynamically calculated values of the pressure coefficient (K), the thermoelastic coefficient (L = ∂T/∂P) was also estimated and compared with that obtained by other workers. The thermoelastic coefficient was found to be strongly dependent on the carbon black concentration.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370516
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization and interaction of acrylonitrile and indene (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The donor-acceptor interaction of acrylonitrile (AN) with indene (In) has been investigated by means of ultraviolet spectroscopy and dielectric polarization measurements. The latter method yielded a value of 0.5 for the association constant of the charge-transfer-complex (CTC) and a 4.02 D for its dipole moment. The copolymerization of the two monomers was characterized by a tendency towards alternation when conducted in the bulk. This might be due to the participation of a weak CTC in the process of copolymerization. However, this tendency disappeared in polar solvents such as DMF.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270116
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optothermal properties of fibers. III. Optical anisotropy in nylon 66 fibers as a function of annealing process (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1247-1267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nylon 66(ICI Polyamide 66, Carded & Combed Top) fibers were annealed in the temperature range 80-180°C for 1-10 h. Refractive indices and birefringence were measured interfer-ometrically. Two independent techniques were used to study the optical anisotropy in these fibers. The first technique was to study the effect of annealing on the swelling properties of fibers from its diffraction pattern using a He - Ne laser beam. The second was the application of multiple-beam Fizeau fringes in transmission to determine the skin and core refractive indices and double refraction of annealing samples. The application was carried out using multiple-beam Fizeau fringes in transmission to determine Cauchy's constants and the dispersive coefficient for the fiber layers. The resulting data were used to calculate the mean polarizability per unit volume and the isotropic refractive indices. Behavior of optical properties at different annealing conditions is discussed. The results obtained clarify the new reorientation, and each layer change occurred due to annealing at different conditions. Microinterferograms and curves are given for illustration. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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