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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (11)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flame-retardant polyurethanes from phosphorus-containing isocyanates (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 1769-1780 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: isocyanate ; polyurethane ; phosphorus ; flame-retardant ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phosphorus-containing polyurethanes are synthesized by reacting phosphorus-containing diisocyanates, bis (4-isocyanatophenoxy) phenyl phosphine oxide (BIPPO) and bis (3-isocyanatophenyl) phenyl phosphine oxide (BIPPPO), with various diols. The chemical structures of the obtained monomers and polymers are characterized by IR, 1H- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Thermal analysis of the phosphorus-containing polyurethanes reveals that incorporating phosphorus into the polymers increases exothermicity during their decomposition. According to these results, the phosphorus-containing polyurethanes are less thermally stable than conventional polyurethanes. Char yield and LOI measurements demonstrate that incorporating phosphorus into polyurethanes markedly improves their flame retardancy. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1769-1780, 1997
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triblock copolymers based on cyclic ethers: Preparation and properties of tetrahydrofuran and 3,3-bis(azidomethyl) oxetane triblock copolymers (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2155-2159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: block copolymer ; tetrahydrofuran ; oxetanc ; ring opening ; cationic polymerization ; energetic ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel energetic thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) based on tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 3,3-bis (azidomethyl) oxetane (BAMO) were prepared in this present study by cationic living polymerization. A bifunctional catalyst, triflic anhydride [(CF3SO2)2)O] was selected to be an initiator for the polymerization THF and BAMO. The resulting polymers were characterized by IR, NMR, and DSC, which demonstrated that triblock copolymers with A-B-A type were formed. The polymers were indicated from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to have decomposed at approximately 243°C. The decomposition enthalpies were determined by DSC. These enthalpies were varied with the poly-BAMO contents of the copolymers. The synthesized polymers exhibited relatively good mechanical properties and thermoplastic characteristics at room temperature. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321118
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the polymerization mechanism of 3-nitratomethyl-3′-methyloxetane and 3-azidomethyl-3′-methyloxetane and the synthesis of their respective triblock copolymers with tetrahydrofuran (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1607-1613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: living cationic polymerization ; oxetane ; triflic anhydride ; tetrahydrofuran ; block copolymer ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel energetic oxetane derivatives, 3-nitratomethyl-3′-methyloxetane (NMMO) and 3-azidomethyl-3′-methyloxetane (AMMO), were used as monomers in a triflic anhydride [(CF3SO2)2O] initiating polymerization system. The “living cationic” characteristics of the polymerization were investigated and confirmed via a 19F NMR technique. This living polymerization system was, thus, utilized in the synthesis of well-defined block copolymers. Novel polymers of the A - B - A -  type with various molecular weights (M̄w = 14320-40660) and low polydispersity indexes (PDI = 1.11-1.29) were obtained. Two glass transition temperatures (Tg) near the respective Tgs of the homopolymers were found in the DSC thermograms of the block copolymers. The THF/AMMO copolymers were shown to possess higher thermal stability compared to THF/NMMO copolymers from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331007
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrahydrofuran and 3,3-bis(chloromethyl) oxetane triblock copolymers synthesized by two-end living cationic polymerization (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 3371-3375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: block copolymer ; tetrahydrofuran ; oxetane ; ring opening ; cationic polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Triblock copolymers based on tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 3,3-bis(chloromethyl) oxetane (BCMO), BCMO-block-THF-block-BCMO and poly(BCMO-co-THF)-THF-(BCMO-co-THF), have been synthesized by two-end living cationic polymerization with a bifunctional initiator, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride [(CF3SO2)2O]. The polymers are obtained by using the two end propagating species of poly(THF) to initiate the sequential BCMO polymerization. The resulting polymers are characterized by infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), confirming that the polymers are ABA-type block copolymers. The identities of the molecular weights predetermined and which determined by GPC show the success of predetermining molecular weights of the polymers and preparing well-defined polymers. The narrow polydispersities, 1.1-1.3, indicate that the chains are propagating by a living mechanism. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080311325
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New addition reaction of polymers carrying pendent oxetane rings: Synthesis of a nonlinear optical polymer (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 3201-3204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: addition reaction ; oxetane ; triflic acid ; nonlinear optical ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321623
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, characterization, thermal, and flame retardant properties of phosphate-based epoxy resins (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 565-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: phosphorus ; phosphate ; epoxy ; flame retardant ; char yield ; limiting oxygen index ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new phosphorus-containing oxirane bis-glycidyl phenylphosphate (BGPP), and a diamine, bis(4-aminophenyl)phenylphosphate (BAPP), were synthesized. Both of these two phosphorus-containing compounds lead to phosphate-containing epoxy resin via curing reaction. The kinetics of the curing reaction of BGPP with various curing agents, including BAPP, were studied. The introduction of electron-withdrawing group into the compounds increases the BGPP and decreases the BAPP reactivity in the curing reaction. The thermal and the weight loss behavior of the cured epoxy resins were studied by TGA. High char yields (32-52%) as well as high limiting oxygen index (LOI) values (34-49) of these phosphorylated resins were found, confirming the usefulness of these phosphorus-containing epoxy resins as flame retardants. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 565-574, 1997.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic ring-opening polymerization of oxetane derivatives initiated by superacids: Studies on their propagating mechanism and species by means of 19F-NMR (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2543-2549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oxetane ; 19F-NKR ; triflic ; ring opening ; cationic polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The nature of ring-opening polymerization of oxetane derivatives initiated by triflic acid and triflic anhydride was investigated via 19F-NMR spectroscopy. Two types of propagating species, which were directly observed from the 19F-NMR spectra, were found to be oxonium macroions and triflic macroesters. These two propagating species established and equilibrium relationship during the polymerization process. The forming of oxonium macroion active species was highly dependent upon the substituents of the oxetane ring, and were enhanced when a more polar solvent was employed. The initiator effect, which occurred primarily in the initiating stage of the polymerization, is also discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321317
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal characteristics of energetic polymers based on tetrahydrofuran and oxetane derivatives (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 579-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal characteristics and decomposition behaviors of energetic polymers based on oxetane derivatives, 3,3'-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane (BAMO), 3-azidomethyl-3'-methyloxetane (AMMO), 3-nitratomethyl-3'-methyloxetane (NMMO), and 3,3'-bis(ethoxymethyl)oxetane (BEMO), were studied by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). These polymers were found to exhibit low glass transition and large decomposition onthalpies which were brought about by the attached azide (—N3) and nitrato (—ONO2) groups. The decomposition enthalpies depended on the types and contents of the energetic substituents. The NMMO-based polymers exhibited relatively higher decomposition enthalpies and less thermal stability than the others. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the polymers was further improved by partial curing treatment. These results reveal that these polymers are potentially useful for application in energetic propellant binders. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580313
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and flame-retardant properties of phosphorus-containing polymers based on poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 1619-1625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Phosphorus-containing polystyrene was obtained through incorporating phosphate groups onto poly(4-hydroxystyrene). This was achieved by esterification with diethylchlorophosphate. The phosphorylation was confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, and 31P-NMR analysis. By varying the feeding ratios of the reactants, the phosphorus content in the polymers could be successfully tailored and gave values of 12.8 to 4.9% by weight. This was further corroborated by elemental analysis. Thermal characteristics and temporal stability of the phosphorylated polymers were evaluated by DSC and TGA. High char yields (64% by weight) and LOI values of 41 were found for these polymers. Such properties make these polymers useful in flame retardants. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus-containing epoxy for flame retardant. I. Synthesis, thermal, and flame-retardant properties (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 613-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new phosphorus-containing oxirane, bis-(3-glycidyloxy)phenylphosphine oxide (BGPPO), was synthesized. Further curing BGPPO with diamine curing agents, dicyanodiamide (DICY), 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS), respectively, resulted in several phosphorylated epoxy resins. Compared with Epon 828, Eponex 1015, and DER 732, BGPPO showed relatively high reactivity toward diamine agents via DSC studies. Furthermore, the reactivity of the three curing agents toward BGPPO were found to be in the order of DDM 〉 DICY 〉 DDS. Thermal stability and the weight loss behavior of the cured polymers were studied by TGA. The phosphorylated resins showed lower weight loss temperatures and higher char yields than did the Epon 828-based resins. The high char yields as well as high limited oxygen index (LOI) values of the BGPPO-based resins confirmed the effectiveness of phosphorus-containing epoxy resins as flame retardants. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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