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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS sputter depth profiling of the chemical states for SrTiO3/Si interface by O2+ ion beams (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 851-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Because the chemical states of the elements in SrTiO3 thin film on Si are reduced by argon ion beam bombardment, it was impossible to sputter depth profile the chemical states of SrTiO3 thin film by argon ion beams. In this paper, it is reported that the undistorted chemical states of Ti and Si at the SrTiO3/Si interface can be determined with oxygen ion beams at the appropriate 70° angle of incidence, with which either metallic Ti is not oxidized or Ti in SrTiO3 is not reduced. Under the sputter depth profiling conditions, the chemical state of Ti at the SrTiO3/Si interface could be successfully characterized and the effects of post-annealing at high temperature on the chemical state of Ti were studied. A significant number of Ti atoms in the metallic state were observed at the SrTiO3/Si interface without any post-annealing but all of them were oxidized to the Ti4+ chemical state after 2 h post-annealing at the temperatures above 600°C under oxygen flow. The dielectric properties of SrTiO3 thin films on Si were well correlated to the oxidation state of Ti and the broadening of the interface SiO2 layer induced by post-annealing at high temperature.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740231302
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron beam effects on polymers. III. Mechanical and thermal properties of electron beam-irradiated poly(phenylene sulfide) (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 1655-1668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of electron beam (EB) irradiation on the mechanical and thermal properties of initially amorphous and semicrystalline poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) films has been investigated. Irradiations were carried out either in a nitrogen or air atmosphere. Subsequent mechanical testing carried out at 23°C suggested that oxidative degradation occurs in air for high radiation dosages. However, modulus and tensile strength were not greatly affected by irradiation level. Moreover, it was found that elongation by yielding no longer occurs at doses higher than 1000 Mrad for initially amorphous materials and above 500 Mrad for the initially semicrystalline materials. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements utilized to determine crystallinity and melting behavior suggest the likely occurrence of some crosslinking with high irradiation levels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the irradiated PPS surface suggest the possible occurrence of gas evolution - at least for high dosage levels.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370618
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the properties of thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters containing different disymmetrical units (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 1843-1851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of dissymetrical units on the properties of thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters based on hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), terephthalate) acid (TPA), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) units was examined. The dissymmetrical units employed included 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene (2,7-DHN),1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,4-DHN), and bromo-hydroquinone (Br-HQ). All of these polymers exhibited turbid melts. The flexible PET units lower the melting and/or stick temperature, and between 10 to 20 mol % is a critical level to achieve values in the range of 250°C or lower. The copolyesters based on 2,7-DHN have the highest glass transition temperatures and maintain stiffness to the highest temperatures. The properties of each series of copolyesters are discussed in terms of the efficiency of molecular packing. The effects of chemical and physical inhomogeneity are emphasized.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410739
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative measurements on polystyrene with three different equilibrium ultracentrifuges (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 62 (1962), S. S136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1962.1206217454
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photophysical processes in low-fluence UV laser-material interaction and the relevance to atomic layer processing (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 2 (1993), S. 31-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: Lasers ; Threshold fluence ; Materials ; Metals and ceramics ; Atomic-scale processing ; Species deposition and removal ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Atomic-scale material-processing tools must be developed to allow the in situ synthesis of complex, nanometre-scale, multilayer structures. These processing tools must be cost-effective, extendible to large-area surfaces and adaptable to realistic manufacturing equipment. Presented here are experimental results on the photophysical processes in low-fluence UV laser radiation of surfaces. The results suggest that atomic-level synthesis/modification of materials is possible by the laser-induced desorption by electronic excitation (LIDEE) process. The processing action employs resonance behaviour to gain species selectivity in the products desorbed. It naturally lends itself to automation (pulsed processing) and is designed for manufacturing laser systems currently used in materials processing. In addition, no potential limitations exist on the surface area which can be processed. Presented are the experimental data using crystalline Al and Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8 targets along with supporting results from Ag and W targets. The results are interpreted in the light of photodesorption models which best support the data. As a conclusion we present an outline of how the LIDEE process might be used as a nanometre-scale material-processing tool.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amo.860020105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the bulk crystallization rate of polymers (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 695-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Data already existing in the literature for the overall crystallization kinetics of a variety of polymers have been analyzed according to different possible nucleation mechanisms. The conclusions reached are similar to those previously deduced from an examination of ata for spherulite growth rates. It is demonstrated that, if allowed a reasonable choice for the equilibrium melting temperature, no unbiased selection of a unique nucleation process can be made. Moreover, a set of universal parameters exists for each of the nucleation and growth processes considered which allows the data for all polymers to be represented by a single straight line. The only quantities that are unique to a given polymer are the equilibriun melting temperature and the activation energy for transport.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.160060405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the growth rate of spherulites (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 165-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The spherulitic growth data that exist in the literature for a wide diversity of polymers have been analyzed according to various possible nucleation mechanisms. It is demonstrated that, if allowed a reasonable choice for the equilibrium melting temperature, no unbiased selection of a unique nucleation process can be made. Moreover, a set of universal parameters exists for each of the allowable nucleation processes which enables the data to be represented by a single straight line which encompasses all the polymers. The only quantities specific to a given polymer are the equilibrium melting temperature and the activation energy for transport. The magnitude of the latter quantity is shown to be dependent on the glass temperature of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.160060109
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microcalorimetric investigations of the interactions of small ions with arterial elastin (1994)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 34 (1994), S. 393-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enthalpies of interactions of porcine arterial elastin with alkali metal and alkali earth halides and sulphates were investigated by means of flow microcalorimetry and the stoichiometry measured using radiotracer techniques. In aqueous solutions, all alkali earth halides interacted exothermically at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 2.5M. All the alkali metal halides, particularly NaCl, exhibited complex concentration-dependent interactions, exothermic at low concentrations and endothermic at high concentrations. Both the anion and cation contributed to the response, although the anion seemed to dominate. SO42- interacted most strongly of the anions tested. All interactions were reversible in the sense that repeat experiments gave identical results, but the enthalpy of “adsorption” was generally different from that of “desorption.” The enthalpy of interaction depended on the conformation of the elastin in a salt-specific manner. For example, CaCl2 and MgCl2 interacted similarly in water but very differently in 1 : 1 water : methanol. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360340311
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of water in arterial elastin: Effects of mechanical stress, osmotic pressure, and temperature (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 35 (1995), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using gravimetric and radiotracer techniques, we investigated the effects of mechanical stress, osmotic pressure, and temperature on the volumes of the intra- and extrafibrillar water spaces in arterial elastin. We also investigated the effects of temperature on water flow through elastin membranes and on dynamic mechanical properties of elastin rings. Compression by mechanical or osmotic loading reduced the hydration of the elastin in an identical manner. Two distinct stages were evident; at low loads there was extensive water removal from the extrafibrillar space while high loads were required to remove water from the intrafibrillar space. Conversely, dehydration caused by mechanical extension of the matrix was associated with a much smaller loss from the extrafibrillar compartment and a large fractional decrease in the intrafibrillar space. Contraction of the matrix as a result of increased temperature had similar effects on hydration to those produced by extension. Water flux across elastin membranes, corrected for changes in viscosity, and specific hydraulic conductivity both increased as a result of temperature-induced contraction. This effect was attributed to increases in both the fractional volume of the extrafibrillar space and the fiber radius. The elastic modulus decreased with increasing temperature, but there was an increase in viscoelasticity. Previous studies have determined that viscoelasticity depends on the rate of redistribution of intrafibrillar water, so this finding provides additional evidence that heating affects primarily the volume of the intrafibrillar space. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360350204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetic study for asymmetric membrane formation via phase-inversion process (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 621-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of membrane formation by phase inversion was studied emphasizing the rate of solvent diffusion from a polymer solution during the phase separation. Diffusional behavior of the solvent can be considered Fickian. Membrane morphologies were shown to be strongly dependent on the rate of solvent diffusion, indicating that mass-transfer rates of solvent and nonsolvent during phase separation are crucial for determining the final membrane structure for the following system: polysulfone (polymer), dimethyl acetamide (solvent), and ethanol (gelation medium). Specific reference to the mechanism of macrovoid formation was explored. Macrovoid formation was found to be proportional to the square root of time, suggesting that it is governed by a diffusion process. In addition, latex particles of coagulated polymer formed by the nucleation and growth of a concentrated polymer phase was observed inside the macrovoids. Such a result implies that the macrovoids grow by a diffusive flow which results from the growth of the polymer lean phase during binodal decomposition. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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