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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Network structure in bisphthalonitrile polymers (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 3339-3347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Bisphthalonitrile monomers were cured neat, with nucleophilic and redox coreactants, or in combination with a monofunctional model compound. Dynamic mechanical measurements on the resulting polymers from -150°C to +300°C turn up several differences attributable to differences in network structure. Rheovibron results were supplemented with solvent extraction, DSC, vapor pressure osmometry, and infrared spectroscopy to characterize the state of cure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070291111
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of water on the strength of filled polychloroprene vulcanizates (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 4873-4881 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three commercial rubber compounds used in marine applications were immersed in water or in 3.5% NaCl solution for up to 250 days. Tear strengths, measured with the “trousers” test piece, decreased in the order dry 〉 salt water exposed 〉 fresh water exposed, and changes of up to 50% were seen. Tensile strengths also decreased, but not always in the same proportion, suggesting a possible change in structure of the voids which initiate fracture. Results are discussed in terms of osmotic swelling and extraction of rubber components.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320510
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) with benzophenone and sodium hydride by ultraviolet irradiation (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 1499-1514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: PTFE ; surface modification ; benzophenone ; UV light ; diphenyl ketyl radical anion ; benzhydrol anion ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films were surface modified in a solution of benzophenone and sodium hydride in dry dimethylformamide by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The extent of surface modification was characterized after durations of UV light irradiation from 5-20 min at temperatures from 19-60°C. The modified films were analyzed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic contact angle measurement, and low-voltage scanning electron microscopy. PTFE surfaces produced by this modification demonstrated extensive defluorination, oxygen incorporation, surface unsaturation, and reduction in both advancing and receding dynamic water contact angles in a manner that was more extensive at long durations of irradiation and at high temperatures. Morphological damage depended upon treatment conditions, but extensive surface modification could be obtained without substantial morphological damage to PTFE films. Control experiments indicated that the surface modification proceeded by photoexcitation of either diphenyl ketyl radical anion or benzhydrol anion, the products of reaction of benzophenone with sodium hydride. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1499-1514, 1997
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photograft polymerization of acrylate monomers and macromonomers on photochemically reduced PTFE films (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3467-3482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: surface modification ; photograft polymerization ; PTFE ; benzophenone ; diphenyl ketyl radical anion ; acrylic acid ; acrylamide ; PEG monoacrylate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The objective of this study was to explore and optimize the photograft polymerization of acrylate monomers and macromonomers upon premodified poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) substrates, with a view toward applying these grafted materials as biomaterials. PTFE films were photochemically reduced by exposure to short wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light in the presence of the reducing agents, i.e., diphenyl ketyl radical anion, generated from a solution of benzophenone and sodium hydride in dimethylformamide (Noh et al., J. Polym. Sci. A, Polym. Chem., 35, 1499 (1997)). The photochemically reduced PTFE films were subsequently modified by photograft polymerization of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate (PEG-Ac) by employing long wavelength UV irradiation with benzil dimethyl ketal as an initiator. The photochemically reduced PTFE films were good substrates for photograft polymerization, leading to surfaces with chemical compositions close to those of the respective homopolymers as determined by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Photograft polymerization of PEG-Ac on the photochemically reduced surface was also explored with different concentrations (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8%; v/v) and molecular weights (200, 400, 1000, and 2000 g/mol) of PEG-Ac, different durations (5, 10, and 20 min) of long wavelength UV irradiation, and different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8%; v/v) of benzil dimethyl ketal. Higher concentrations and lower molecular weights of PEG-Ac generally led to more extensive photograft polymerization, whereas the concentration of benzil dimethyl ketal and duration of UV irradiation did not substantially influence the extent of photograft polymerization. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3467-3482, 1997
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase-mixed poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(trimethylolpropane triacrylate) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks obtained by rapid network formation (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2715-2725 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: semi-IPN ; PEG ; TMPTA ; phase separation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in poly(trimethylolpropane triacrylate) (TMPTA) were synthesized from PEG melts in neat TMPTA monomer, using PEG of molecular weights from 4000 to 100,000 g/mol. Differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine phase separation occurring during network formation. The degree of phase separation was observed to depend upon the rate of PEG aggregation relative to the rate of network formation during TMPTA polymerization. Higher molecular weight PEG and acrylate-functionalized PEG formed more phase-mixed networks compared to lower molecular weight PEG; acetatefunctionalized PEG showed no difference from unmodified PEG in the extent of phase mixing. For networks that demonstrated phase separation, the PEG was observed to be in two states: some being phase mixed and solvent inextractable, and some being phase separated and solvent extractable. Phase-mixed networks could be obtained from this thermodynamically incompatible polymer pair utilizing rapid photopolymerization systems to overcome PEG phase aggregation and kinetically entrap the PEG in a nonequilibrium phase-mixed state. These mixed-phase semi-IPNs of PEG and TMPTA may be useful in biological applications where the presence of PEG is desired throughout the bulk matrix rather than as a surface graft to reduce biological interactions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321412
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum. Self-reported signs and symptoms in breast implant patients with novel antibodies to silicone surface associated antigens [anti-SSAA(x)] (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 305-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060413
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-reported signs and symptoms in breast implant patients with novel antibodies to silicone surface associated antigens [anti-SSAA(x)] (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In research animals, the immune adjuvant activity of silicone in eliciting antibodies to associated protein antigens is now well established. In humans, the immune adjuvant activity of silicone remains controversial. Clusters of data from various research groups are beginning to define the boundary conditions for future large epidemiological studies. In that spirit, this manuscript reports pilot clinical data from a serological study conducted 3 years ago and reported previously in this journal. Sera from a self-selected symptomatic population of patients with breast implants were assayed for elevated concentrations of antibodies showing binding avidity to silicone surface associated antigens [anti-SSAA(x)]. In that study of 249 patients, two distinct statistically significant subgroups were identified on the basis of the serological assay alone: patients without any elevated anti-SSAA(x) (negative) and patients with elevated anti-SSAA(x) (positive) (p 〈 0.001). In this study, a clinical survey returned by 226 of those patients was correlated with the previously acquired serological findings. The 11 most common clinical complaints reported by the 199 anti-SSAA(x) negative patients and by the 27 anti-SSAA(x) positive were compared and their frequencies analyzed. The 199 anti-SSAA(x) negative patients, as a group, showed a lower frequency of a variety of signs and symptoms compared to the 27 anti-SSAA(x) positive patients. Statistically significant differences were seen in three of the symptoms: fever, foot pain, and sleep disturbance (p 〈 0.05). In addition, the syndrome of fever in the absence of local chest pain was a significantly associated with anti-SSAA(x) positivity (p 〈 0.001). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability studies of a polyimide-polytetrafluoroethylene blend and its components (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Low-dielectric constant (∊r) polymers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), are an important component of advanced electronic products that transit data, since it is this physical property that largely determines a device's performance. For instance, the dielectric constant determines overall signal speed and proximity in that one circuit line can be placed to another, i.e., wiring density, while maintaining desired electrical characteristics. However, due to PTFE's inertness and intractability, significant challenges exist in the successful application of the polymer as an insulation material. One specific example is the lack of available methods to uniformly and controllably generate fine, high-density features in the neat fluoropolymer. Recently, it was reported that excellent structuring characteristics of PTFE can be achieved by sensitizing the fluoropolymer to excimer laser radiation using small quantities of an aromatic polyimide. An important physical property of the sensitization agent, in addition to interacting strongly with the laser's emitted energy, is suitable thermal stability due to PTFE's high-temperature processing requirements. Using multiple analysis techniques, the thermal decomposition behavior of PTFE, polyimide sensitizer, and resulting polymer blend have been evaluated. It was determined that the onset of decomposition for all systems is near or greater than 500°C. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070540202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative aging of thermoplastic polyimide films (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 1539-1543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two linear polyimides were subjected to accelerated isothermal aging at temperatures between 300 and 400°C. Losses in toughness correlated well with changes in glass transition temperature (Tg) of the films, but not with weight loss. Both materials have extrapolated lifetimes of 100,000 h near their Tg's. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070571301
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic force microscopy of the banded structure of lyotropic polymers (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 15 (1994), S. 815-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: No Abtract.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1994.030151102
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