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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (16)
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Keywords
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (16)
  • Chemistry  (16)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 5 (1971), S. 69-89 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The success of material implants in the vascular system has been limited by the fact that the intial events of blood coagulation on foreign material surfaces are not understood. Many materials have been evaluated in the search for a suitable implant material in this system. Recent success of porous ceramic materials in bone-ceramic compatibility studies stimulated the feeling that these materials should be tested in other body tissues such as the blood.Ceramic disks of Al2O3 and TiO2 were evaluated using a contact angle measurement technique to determine the characteristics of these material surfaces before and after exposure to a blood environment. This technique involved measuring the contact angle of sessile drops of various liquids on these surfaces with a microscope fitted with a goniometer eyepiece. By plotting these contact angles according to the procedure of Zisman, the characteristics of the surfaces could be evaluated.The clean ceramic disks were found to be extremely wettable even after exposure to a physiological saline environment. On exposure of these disks to a blood environment, it was observed that some type of film was adsorbed from the blood onto the ceramic surface during the initial minutes of exposure. This film had wetting characteristics consistent with layers of fibrinogen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 5 (1971), S. 161-229 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Additional Material: 38 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 5 (1971), S. 269-279 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The trachea is a rather simple structure, and partly because of this simplicity, many attempts have been made to effect replacement with various types of prosthetic tubes. Unfortunately, the basic design of the trachea is not easily duplicated, and thus far there is no completely satisfactory prosthetic replacement. A series of porous and non-porous ceramics implanted in muscle tissue of rabbits indicated that rigid, porous materials can be compatible with soft, viable tissue. A prosthesis of porous ceramic rings and alternate bands of Dacron mesh was constructed and employed to bridge 6-cm defects created in the tracheas of mongrel dogs. After 6 months an asymptomatic animal was sacrificed. Firm fixation was accomplished and the lumen was completely patent, but histological sections demonstrated that ingrowth and scarring did not satisfactorily contain bacterial infection. Encouragement of epithelial regeneration or some artificial barrier is necessary for successful implants. Work in progress includes devices using both methods to provide this barrier.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 8 (1974), S. v 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 8 (1974), S. v 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 7 (1973), S. i 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The concept of tissue ingrowth into porous biomaterials as a means of attaching prostheses to the musculo-skeletal system is reviewed. A compilation of the various ceramic materials studied in vivo to date along with the results of the studies is presented. Results of studies on kinetics of tissue ingrowth into porous biomaterials are summarized. A discussion of the parameters controlling the rate of tissue ingrowth into porous implants is presented.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 6 (1972), S. 155-164 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The corrosion of Ti-6Al-4V at 37°C in several simulated body fluids and bovine plasma was studied using the passive current-time technique. A 0.9% NaCl (bw)-0.1 N NaH2PO4 solution gave results closest to those using bovine plasma as an electrolyte.All of the samples showed an activation period of 10-15 hr, after which an increase in the corrosion rate was observed. Several possible explanations for this effect are given.For comparison, a sample of Type 316 L stainless steel was tested using isotonic saline solution as the electrolyte. Both the initial and final current densities were considerably higher than those for Ti-6Al-4V indicating a corrosion rate considerably higher for the Type 316 L stainless steel.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Many types of materials are being used as biomaterials, and there is a continuing search for more and better materials for specific pur poses. In this investigation, a new method was employed in screening materials in an effort to cut costs, save time, and have a worthwhile indication of the prospect of a new material. Samples of twenty gauge wires of stainless steel 316, stainless steel 304, Titanium 40, Vitallium, and copper were introduced into leg or wing muscles of 18-day-old chick embryos.This was accomplished by opening the egg shell with a dental drill, implanting the material, and reclosing the shell. The chicks were allowed to hatch and were later sacrificed after eleven days, giving a total implant time of 14 days. This time period allowed for the acute inflammation that occurred during wound healing to subside. The sections were retrieved, embedded in epon 812, sectioned with a diamond saw, and histologically evaluated.Copper was used for the negative control and showed the greatest adverse tissue response. Titanium 40 showed almost no response and stainless steel 316 showed very little. Stainless steel 304 exhibited a somewhat greater response than the stainless steel 316. All of the materials except wrought Vitallium used in this experiment gave predicted results.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 8 (1974), S. 85-97 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A study of the tissue compatibility of aluminum oxide implants under different stress conditions in rabbits was performed over four- and eight-week implantation periods. The specific objectives were to examine endosteal bone ingrowth into aluminum oxide coneshaped plugs in amputated tibiae, while additional pellet-shaped implants in the tibiae and femora of rabbits with amputated and nonamputated limbs were studied to determine: (1) if the degree of loading placed on the amputated limb was sufficient to promote bone activity, (2) the degree of inertness and/or toxicity of the aluminum oxide implants, and (3) a possible cause of bone spurs.The results of the radiographic, histologic and microradiographic analyses of the in vivo implants demonstrated that there was little mineralized bone ingrowth into the coneshaped aluminum oxide implants in the amputated tibiae. The study also showed that the aluminum oxide pellet implants in the tibiae and femora of the nonamputated limbs demonstrated excellent mineralized bone ingrowth into surface and internal pores. By comparing these results with the incomplete ingrowth into corresponding pellet implants in the tibiae and femora of amputated limbs, it was determined that a lack of weight bearing and damage to the musculature and vascularity following amputation were interfering with the normal bone activity and therefore bone ingrowth.Angiographs and radiographs of the amputated tibiae demonstrated that bone spurs were present and that they originated at the site of the periosteal damage. Their cause was believed to be associated with an increase in the vascularity of the adjacent tissues.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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