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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the protective ultraviolet absorbers in a space environment. III. Protective effectivenessPresented at the meeting of the American Chemical Society in Chicago, Illinois, September 4-8, 1961, as part of the Symposium on Organic Coatings in the Space Environment.This research was supported by the United States Air Force under Contract No. AF 33(616)-5945, monitored by the Materials Laboratory, Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1565-1580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effectiveness of the ultraviolet absorbers in protecting organic coatings exposed to an extraterrestrial environment from photochemical degradation was studied for the commercially available absorbers and certain errocene derivatives. The change in solar absorptivity of the coatings was used as a measure of the degradation incurred, these data being obtained from the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared absorption spectra of the polymers. Ultraviolet absorbers of the benzophenone and benzotriazole type used for terrestrial applications were found to be considerably less effective in a space environment. This was attributed to the strong ultraviolet absorption of the polymers at the shorter wavelengths, which competes with the absorber for the incident radiation. Certain benzoyl-substituted ferrocene compounds were found to be extremely effective in protecting many types of polymeric coatings. The benzoylferrocenes are highly colored materials (red to orange) whose absorbing properties are extremely stable to ultraviolet radiation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070501
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of fiber-grade poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 230 (1995), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly(trimethylenterephthalat) wurde durch Umesterung von Dimethylterephthalat und Polykondensation im halbtechnischen Maßstab hergestellt. Als Katalysator für beide Reaktionsschritte wurde Titantetrabutylat eingesetzt. Die erhaltenen Polymeren mit gewichtsmittleren Molekulargewichten von bis zu 70000 können aus der Schmelze versponnen werden und zeigen, im Gegensatz zu mit Titanverbindungen hergestelltem Poly(ethylenterephthalat), einen bemerkenswerten Weißheitsgrad. Die Mark-Houwink-Parameter in 1,1,2,2-Tetrachlorethan/Phenol-Lösung (1 : 1, w/w) wurden mit Kalibrierung durch statische Lichtstreuung bestimmt. Die MVI-Werte (235°C, 1,2 kg) lagen typischerweise zwischen 20 und 30 mL/10 min bei Polymeren mit einer gewichtsmittleren Molmasse von 50000-60000 g mol-1.
    Notes: Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) was synthesized on a semi-technical scale following the trans-esterification route. Ester exchange as well as polycondensation were catalyzed by titanium tetrabutylate. The polymer formed shows a remarkable degree of whiteness, contrary to poly(ethylene terephthalate) when synthesized with the aid of titanium compounds. Polymers having molar masses up to 70000 (weight average) were obtained suitable for melt spinning. The Mark-Houwink parameters for solutions in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane/phenol (1 : 1, w/w) were determined using static light scattering as a calibration. The melt volume index (235°C, 1.2 kg) was typically in the range 20-30 mL/10 min for a polymer having a weight-average molar mass of 50000-60000 g mol-1.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1995.052300113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue elastomerfasersysteme (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 40 (1974), S. 71-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Elastomeric fibres available by the wet-spinning process were produced by solution polycondensation of α,ω-bis-(4-amino-benzoates) of aliphatic α,ω-dioxy-polybutyleneethers with terephthaloyl chloride. The discussion of the thermodynamic and structural conditions for the formation of the elastic properties of these polymers shows, that the formation is dependent on the tendency of disintegration of the macromolecule centres having high respectively low cohesion energy density. These findings could also be confirmed with polyetheresterureas and polyetheresterimides, made from amines mentioned above by reaction with 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate respectively with pyromellitic dianhydride.
    Notes: Durch Lösungspolykondensation von α,ω-Bis-(4-amino-benzoesäureestern) aliphatischer α,ω-Dioxy-polybutyläther mit Terephthaloylchlorid wurden naßspinnbare Elastomerfasern dargestellt. Die Diskussion der thermodynamischen und strukturellen Voraussetzungen zur Ausbildung der elastischen Eigenschaften dieser Polymeren zeigt, daß diese von der Entmischungstendenz der Makromolekülzentren mit hoher bzw. niedriger Kohäsionsenergiedichte abhängig ist. Diese Befunde wurden auch an Polyätheresterharnstoffen und Polyätheresterimiden bestätigt, die aus den obigen Aminen durch Umsetzung mit 1,4-Phenylendiisocyanat bzw. mit Pyromellitsäuredianhydrid und anschließender Cyclisierung dargestellt wurden.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1974.050400104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Massenspektrometrischer Nachweis des cyclischen Trimeren im Polyäthylenterephthalat (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 50 (1976), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: By direct pyrolysis of commercial polyethyleneterephthalate in the mass spectrometer a content of about 1% of the cyclic trimer ethyleneterephthalate is indicated at temperatures below thermal degradation of the polymer. The comparison with EI- and FD-mass spectra of the authentic cyclic trimer allows its identification without previous isolation.
    Notes: Beim direkten Abbau von kommerziellem Polyäthylenterephthalat im Massenspektrometer läßt sich bei Temperaturen unterhalb des einsetzenden thermischen Abbaus des Polymeren das zu etwa 1% enthaltene cyclische trimere Äthylenterephthalat ohne vorherige Isolierung nachweisen und durch Vergleich mit den EI- und FD-Massenspektren eines authentischen Trimeren identifizieren.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1976.050500114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur ermittlung von Langperioden durch Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung von Copolyestern (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 52 (1976), S. 143-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: A computer method for slit-hight corrections is described, in which the experimental X-ray small angle scattering curve is represented by a cubic spline function. This method is applied on the theoretical scattering-curve of spherical particles with homogeneous electron-density and on scattering-curves of polyhexamethyleneadipate and an aliphatic polyesteramide. For the polyester and the polyesteramide long periods of 150 Å and 118 Å, respectively, were found. By means of this and other physical results considerations of the structure of these materials are given.
    Notes: Es wird ein Verfahren zur Entschmierung von experimentell ermittelten Röntgenkleinwinkel-Streukurven mittels einer elektronischen Rechenanlage beschrieben, bei welchem die Streukurve durch eine kubische Spline-Funktion dargestellt wird. Im einzelnen wird eine Anwendung auf die theoretische Streukurve von Kugeln mit homogener Elektronendichte und auf Streukurven von Polyhexamethylenadipat-Fäden und eines hiervon abgeleiteten aliphatischen Polyesteramids gezeigt. Für den Polyester und das Polyesteramid wurden Langperioden von 150 Å bzw. 118 Å gefunden. Anhand dieser und weiterer physikalischer Daten wurden Überlegungen zur Struktur dieser Materialien durchgeführt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1976.050520113
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur entschmierung der röntgenkleinwinkelstreukurven von hochpolymeren (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 2079-2087 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A method for slit-hight corrections is described, in which the experimental X-ray small angle scattering curve is represented by a cubic spline function. This method is applied on the theoretical scattering curve of spherical particles with homogenious electron-density and on scattering curves of poly(hexamethylene adipate).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1977.021780722
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C NMR-Spektroskopische Untersuchungen über den Einfluß anorganischer Salze auf die Solvatation von N,N′-Dibenzoyl-m-phenylendiamin in N,N-Dimethylacetamid (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 1013-1021 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Changes of the solvation sphere of N,N′-dibenzoyl-m-phenlyenediamine (as a model substance for aromatic polyamides) in N,N′-dimethylacetamide caused by electrolytes such as LiCl, LiBr or BeCl2 were studied by 13C NMR chemical shift measurements. The observed variations of the chemical shift data were interpreted by a stronger interaction of the solvent molecules with the carbonamide group. The relation of the carbonyl and the amide group interaction with the solvent or the solvated cations depends on the kind of electrolyte. It is not possible to correlate the obtained results with the influence of these electrolytes upon the molecular weight of the aromatic polyamides prepared in N,N′-dimethylacetamide. Therefore some possible explanations are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1979.021800418
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the protective ultraviolet absorbers in a space environment. I. Rate of evaporation and vapor pressure studiesThis research was supported in whole or in part by the United States Air Force under Contract No. AF 33(616)-5945, monitored by the Materials Laboratory, Wright Air Development Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 45 (1960), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Compounds which are effective in protecting materials from terrestial ultraviolet radiation may, in a high vacuum environment, suffer loss both by evaporation and by photochemical degradation from the shorter wavelength ultraviolet radiation. The rates of evaporation from a free surface in a high vacuum of the commercially available protective ultraviolet absorbers have been measured as a function of temperature. Vapor pressures of the solid absorbers were calculated from the rate of evaporation data. The equilibrium vapor pressures of the liquid absorbers were determined by a direct vapor spectrophotometric method. Absorbers containing more than one hydroxy group were found to be considerably less volatile than the monohydroxy compounds, probably because of intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the former.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204514504
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of degradable, biocompatible, and tough block-copolyesterurethanes (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 197 (1996), S. 4253-4268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We describe the synthesis of micro-phase-segregated block-copolyesterurethanes from telechelic hydroxyterminated poly{[(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid]-co-[(R)-3-hydroxyvaleric acid]} (PHB-diol) as “hard segments” (i. e., crystallizable chain sections) and hydroxyterminated poly(ε-caprolactone)-diethylene glycol-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-diol) or telechelic hydroxyterminated poly[(adipic acid)-alt-(1,4-butanediol; diethylene glycol; ethylene glycol)] (Diorez®) as “soft segments”, with 2,2,4-triethylhexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI) or methyl (S)-2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate (LDI). High molecular weights were obtained with or without catalyst, the properties of the polymers depending only slightly on the presence or absence of the catalyst. The materials thus obtained were investigated also with respect to their mechanical properties and it was found that Young's modulus directly depends on the fraction of crystallizable PHB-diol in the block copolymer while the type of non-crystallizable segment or diisocyanate had only a minor influence: Generally, the tensile strength increases and the elongation at break decreases with increasing content of PHB-diol. Around body temperature, these polymers exhibit only mild changes in their mechanical behavior. The chain length of the non-crystallizable segment indirectly influences the morphology and the mechanical properties of the polymers through changes in the phase-segregation behavior.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1996.021971221
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Telechelic diols from poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid] and poly{[(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid]-co-[(R)-3-hydroxyvaleric acid]} (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 197 (1996), S. 1609-1614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We describe the preparation of telechelic OH-terminated poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid] (PHB) and poly{[(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid]-co-[(R)-3-hydroxyvaleric acid]} (PHB/HV), on a semi-preparative scale, by a transesterification procedure from the high-molecular weight polymers. The oligomers have well-defined reactive end groups and are well suited for the preparation of high-molecular-weight block copolymers by chain extension.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1996.021970503
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