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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of new annelated terheterocyclesThiophenes part 7. For part 6 see [1]. This work was supported by the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie (TK 03255-1). (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 4 (1992), S. 564-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19920040907
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluated volumes. Plastics additives and modifiers handbook. Edited by Jesse Edenbaum, Chapman & Hall, London 1992, 1113 pp., hardcover, £ 109, ISBN 0-442-23450-3 (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 5 (1993), S. 220-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19930050315
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Higher-order derivative spectrophotometry for studying and characterization of proteins and other native and synthetic macromoleculesThis extended paper was presented at the International Symposium on Macromolecules, IUPAC Macro Florence 1980. (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 105 (1982), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Derivativspektrophotometrie höherer Ordnung eignet sich sehr gut zur Analyse natürlicher und synthetischer Makromoleküle. Es werden beschrieben: Untersuchungen der iso-Formen der LDH und oligomerer Enzyme, das Studium der Umgebung der Chromophoren Phe, Tyr und Trp in Proteinen sowie Protein-Pulverspektren; weiter Spektren von Nucleinsäuren, die quantitative Bestimmung von Monomeren und Additiven in synthetischen Polymeren sowie die Charakterisierung von Polyvinylpyrrolidonen mit unterschiedlichen Molekulargewichten.
    Notes: Higher-order derivative spectrophotometry is very well adapted to the analytical chemistry of native and synthetic macromolecules. This is shown with the aid of some characteristic examples. The following ones have been described: The investigation of iso-forms of LDH, of myoglobins (whale and horse), of oligomer enzymes, the studying of the surroundings of the chromophores phe, tyr and trp in proteins, and of protein powder spectra; further spectra of nucleid acid, the quantitative estimation of monomers and additives in synthetic polymers, and the characterization of poly(vinyl pyrrolidons) of different molecular weights.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1982.051050106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockcopolymere aus poly-1,4-benzamid und 6-66-copolyamid. 2. Haftvermittelnde eigenschaften in KEVLAR-verbundsystemenTeil 1 s. Lit.1. (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 133 (1985), S. 121-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: KEVLAR filaments were impregnated with a solution of a block copolymer of poly-1,4-benzamide (M̄w = 28 600) and 6-66-copolyamide (60/40) (M̄w = 19 000) in 96% H2SO4. Afterwards, the filaments were embedded perpendicularly in thermoplast films of different polarities (polyamide-6, an ionomer of acrylic acid, acrylic ester and ethylene, a polyethylene-polyamide 6 blend and LD polyethylene). In pullout experiments, delamination shear strength, delamination work, and frictional shear strength were measured to characterize adhesion.Modification of KEVLAR filaments with blockcopolyamide caused a large increase of adhesion to polar matrix materials. For the ionomer film, the relative increase of delamination work (670%) was by far the highest, polyamide-6 and polyamide-polyethylene blend showed an effect of 130%, whereas nonpolar polyethylene was nearly unsensitive to impregnation.Scanning electron microscopy investigations on the pulled out fibres showed that the failure of the composite material not only took place at the fibre-matrix interface but simultaneously in weak boundary layers of fibre and matrix phase.
    Notes: KEVLAR-Filamente wurden mit der Lösung eines Blockcopolymeren aus Poly-1,4-benzamidsegmenten (M̄w = 28 600) und 6-66-Copolyamid (60/40)-Segmenten (M̄w = 19 000) in 96proz. H2SO4 imprägniert. Danach wurden die Filamente in Thermoplastfolien unterschiedlicher Polarität (Polyamid-6, eine pfropfcopolymerhaltige Legierung aus Polyethylen und Polyamid-6, ein Acrylester-Acrylsäure-Ethylen-Terpolymeres (Ionomer) und LD-Polyethylen) senkrecht zur Folienebene eingelagert. In Faserauszugsversuchen wurden zur Charakterisierung der Haftfestigkeit die Delaminierungsscherspannung, die Delaminierungsarbeit und die Reibungskraft beim Herausziehen der Faser gemessen.Die Imprägnierung von KEVLAR-Fasern mit Blockcopolyamid erhöhte die Haftfestigkeiten in polaren Matrixmaterialien erheblich. Bei Ionomer-Folien war die relative Steigerung der Delaminierungsarbeit mit 670% bei weitem am höchsten. Bei Polyamid-6 und bei der Polyamid-Polyethylen-Legierung betrug der Effekt 130%, während bei dem unpolaren Polyethylen praktisch keine Änderung festzustellen war.REM-Untersuchungen der herausgezogenen Fasern lassen erkennen, daß das Zerrißen der Verbundmaterialien nicht nur entlang der Faser-Matrix-Grenzfläche verlief, sondern daß dabei auch grenzflächennahe Bereiche von Faser und Matrix beteiligt waren.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1985.051330110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution properties of polyacrylic esters. I. Light scattering and viscosity measurements in tetrahydrofuran (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1990), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl-, n-, i- und t-Butyl-, n-Hexyl-, 2-Ethylhexyl- und Laurylacrylat wurden in Benzol polymerisiert. Verdünnte Lösungen in THF einzelner Fraktionen dieser Polymeren wurden durch Lichtstreuungs- und Viskositätsmessungen untersucht. Polyacrylsäure wurde in Dioxan gemessen.Für die verschiedenen Polyacrylester und Polyacrylsäure wird die Molekulargewichtsabhängigkeit des Staudinger-Index [η] und des Trägheitsradius 〈r2w〉 angegeben.
    Notes: Dilute THF-solutions of different fractions of polymers of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-, i- and t-butyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and lauryl acrylate, prepared by solution polymerization in benzene, were studied by light scattering and viscosity methods. Poly(acrylic acid) was examined in dioxane. For the different polyacrylic esters the [η]-Mw-relations were established and the dependence of the radius of gyration 〈r2w〉 on the molecular weight was determined.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051780114
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution properties of polyacrylic esters. II. Evaluation of unperturbed dimensionsPart I cf. lit.1. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1990), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aus Lichtstreuungs-und Viskositätsmessungen werden nach bekannten Theorien aus der Abhängigkeit des Staudinger-Index und des Trägheitsradius vom Molekulargewicht ungestörte Dimensionen berechnet. Das statistische Fadenelement nach Kuhn Am ist ein gutes Maß zur Beschreibung der Flexibilitäteiner ungestörten Polymerkette. Es wurde für neun Polyacrylate und Polyacrylsäure berechnet. Polyacrylsäure mit Am = 13,6 Å besitzt die höchste Flexibilität. Mit steigender C-Anzahl im Alkoholrest nimmt die Flexibilität der Polymerkette ab. Verzweigungen im Alkoholrest bewirken eine weitere Versteifung der Polymerkette.
    Notes: According to existing well-known theories unperturbed dimensions can be calculated from light scattering and viscosity measurements. The statistical segment Am proposed by Kuhn is a good measure for the flexibility of an unperturbed polymer coil. With the data reported in part I of the dependence of the radius of gyration and the Staudinger index, respectively, on the molecular weight, Am was calculated for nine polyacrylic esters and poly(acrylic acid). Poly(acrylic acid) with Am = 13,6 Å has the highest flexibility. The stiffness of the polymer chain is increased with growing C-number of the alcohol. Branching in the alcohol further increases the stiffness of the polymer chain.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051780115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockcopolymere aus poly-1,4-benzamid und 6-66-copolyamiden. 1. Synthese und charakterisierung (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 132 (1985), S. 91-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Blockcopolyamides from poly-1,4-benzamide and 6-66-copolyamides (60/40) were prepared by irreversible polycondensation of 4-aminobenzoyl chloride-hydrochloride in a solution of amino terminal groups containing 6-66-prepolyamids in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The molecular weights of the used aliphatic copolyamides, determined by photometric analysis after reaction with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, were 5 000, 13 000, and 21 000. The molecular weights of the aramides were determined by viscosity measurements in concentrated sulfuric acid using an approximation method.The detection of blockcopolyamide was performed qualitatively by investigations of the solubility behaviour in NMP/LiBr/H2O systems and quantitatively by combination of extraction experiments using 2,2,2-trifluorethanol with turbidity titration in H2SO4/H2O.
    Notes: Durch irreversible Polykondensation von 4-Aminobenzoylchlorid-Hydrochlorid in einer Lösung von Aminoendgruppen besitzenden 6-66-Prepolyamiden wurden Segmentcopolyamide aus Poly-1,4-benzamid und 6-66-Copolyamid (60/40) hergestellt. Die Molekulargewichte der eingesetzten aliphatischen Copolyamide, bestimmt durch photometrische Analyse nach Umsetzung mit 2,4-Dinitrofluorbenzol, betrugen 5 000, 13 000 und 21 000. Die Molekuargewichte des Aramids wurden nach einer Näherungsmethode durch Viskosimetrie in konzentrierter Schwefelsäure bestimmt.Der Nachweis des Blockcopolyamids gelang qualitativ durch Untersuchungen des Löslichkeitsverhaltens in NMP/LiBr/H2O-Mischungen sowie quantitativ durch Kombination von Extraktionsversuchen mit Trifluorethanol mit Trübungstitrationen in H2SO4/H2O.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1985.051320108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HERSTELLUNG VON MIKROSTRUKTURPRODUKTEN DURCH TIEFENLITHOGRAFIE UND SPRITZGUSSPaper presented at the meeting of the GDCh-Fachgruppe “Makromolekulare Chemie” on “Polymers and Light” in Bad Nauheim (West Germany), May 7 - 9, 1990. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1990), S. 133-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: For fabricating microstructures with extreme structural heights a technology has been developed which is based on deep-etch lithography and subsequent replication processes. A particularly high precision is achieved if the lithographic process is carried out by means of synchrotron radiation. Electroforming and molding processes are used for the replication of microstructures from a large variety of materials. The field of application comprises micromechanics, microoptics, electrical and optical microconnectors as well as sensors and actuators.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051830108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rigid-chain polyesters grafted with flexible-chain vinyl polymers (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 245 (1997), S. 73-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In den letzten zehn Jahren wurde, als Alternative zur Faserverstärkung von Thermoplasten, das Konzept der “molekularen Faserverstärkung” vorgeschlagen: Die starren Ketten von Hauptketten-LC-Polymeren (PLC) können in Blends mit normalen Thermoplasten (d.h. mit beweglichen Ketten) als Fasern molekularer Größe fungieren. Steifkettige und normale Thermoplaste sind aber in der Regel zu unverträglich, um die für diesen Mechanismus notwendige molekulare Verteilung der starren Ketten zu erlauben. In diesem Bericht wird als verwandtes Konzept die “mizellare Faserverstärkung” diskutiert: Pfropfcopolymere aus einem starren PLC-Rückgrat und flexiblen Pfropfästen können Mikrophasenmorphologien mit zylindrischen Mizellen aufbauen, in denen die PLC-Ketten als verstärkende Fasern mit mizellaren Dimensionen fungieren. Starr-bewegliche Pfropfcopolymere dieser Art wurden aus einem Polyester mit Terephthaloyl-, Dihexoxyterephthaloyl- und Phenylhydrochinoneinheiten sowie aus Polystyrol hergestellt. Die Polyesterketten wurden mit Spezialcomonomeren mit einer Doppelbindung modifiziert, auf die im Zuge einer radi-kalischen Copolymerisation Polystyroläste gepfropft wurden. Hohe Pfropfgrade führten zu Produkten mit der erwünschten Morphologie von zylindrischen Mizzellen.
    Notes: The concept of “molecular reinforcement” has been advanced, in the last decade, as an alternative to conventional fibre reinforcement of thermoplastics: In blends with normal (flexible-chain) thermoplastics, rigid chains of main-chain LC polymers (PLC) can act as strengthening fibres on the molecular scale. However, the rigid PLC chains must be well dispersed which is improbable since PLC and normal polymers are usually incompatible. A related concept is “micellar reinforcement”: Graft copolymers made of a rigid-chain PLC backbone and flexible-chain grafts can form a microphase morphology of cylinderic micelles where the PLC chains act as reinforcing fibres on a micellar scale. Such rigid-flexible graft copolymers are discussed in this study. They were pepared from a polyester of terephthaloyl, dihexoxyterephthaloyl and phenylhydroquinone moieties with special comonomer units carrying a double bond onto which styrene was grafted via radical copolymerisation. Grafting occurred with high efficiency, leading to products with the desired morphology of cyclindric micelles.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1997.052450107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid crystalline main chain polymers containing the ferrocene unit as a side group, 2Part 1: cf. ref.1. Variation of the spacer length (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 3769-3785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Four new ω-ferrocenylalkyl diethyl malonates with varying length of the alkyl group from 4 to 10 methylene units were incorporated via Ti(OiPr)4-catalyzed copolymerization into smectic liquid crystalline main-chain polymers in contents of about 10 mol-%. As mesogenic unit 4,4′-bis(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)azoxybenzene was used as diol component and diethyl phenyl malonate as diester component. Polymer analogous oxidation of the ferrocene units leads to liquid crystalline ionomers, which also form smectic phases. The ferrocene containing polymers were investigated in the oxidized and non-oxidized state of the ferrocene unit. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data show a shift towards higher phase transition temperatures after oxidation, which is in agreement with the behaviour of classical ionomers. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments show an excess scattering to small angles, which is a hint for dispersed particles in the polymer matrix (ionic clusters). In one polymer series the ferrocene content was varied. Increasing the ferrocene content changes the type of the LC phase from smectic A to nematic presumably because of the bulkiness of the neutral ferrocene group. It is, however, possible to restore the smectic A phase by an oxidation of the ferrocene units to ferrocenium ions. This is a result of microphase separation in ionic domains and non-ionic domains, which supports the formation of layered structures.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1997.021981201
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