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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 157 (1972), S. 307-310 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die ESR-Signale von industriellen Polymerisationskatalysatoren auf TiCl3-Basis werden in Heptanlösung vor und nach der Einwirkung von Triisobutylaluminium (TIBA) untersucht. Der Natur der Proben entsprechend weisen die Spektren ein schmales Signal bei g = 1,94 oder gegebenenfalls ein breites Signal bei g = 1,84 ± 0,02 auf. Letzteres scheint für eine Oberflächeneinwirkung atmosphärischen Wassers charakteristisch zu sein. Der Angriff von TIBA bewirkt eine Extraktion und ein erneutes Ausfällen der Titanverbindungen sowie eine starke Alkylierung der Oberfläche, die von einer beträchtlichen Kohlenwasserstoffentwicklung begleitet wird. Dabei wird das schmale Signal ein wenig verändert, und unter milden Bedingungen treten neue Signale auf (g = 1,98).Zwischen diesen Signalen und der katalytischen Aktivität des Festkörpers bestehen jedoch keine Beziehungen, wenn dieser zuerst gewaschen und danach mit Al(C2H5)2Cl zur Polymerisation des Propylens verwendet wird.
    Notes: On a procédé à l'étude des signaux de résonance paramagnétique életronique (RPE) de catalyseurs de polymérisation industriels à base de TiCl3 avant et après attaque par le triisobutylaluminium (TIBA) en solution dans l'heptane. Selon la nature des échantillons, les spectres comportent un signal étroit à g = 1,94 et éventuellement un signal large à g = 1,84 ± 0,02. Ce dernier paraǐt caractéristique d'une attaque superficielle par l'eau atmosphérique. L'attaque par le TIBA provoque un processus d'extraction et de reprécipitation de composés du titane et une forte alcoylation de la surface, accompagnée par un dégagement important d'hydrocarbures. Elle modifie peu les caractéristiques du signal étroit et fait apparaǐtre, si elle reste modérée, de nouveaux signaux (g = 1,98).Il n'y a cependant pas de corrélation entre ces signaux et l'activité catalytique du solide préalablement lavé et utilisé ensuite avec Al(C2H5)2Cl pour polymériser le propène.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 6 (1996), S. 317-320 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: diacetylenes ; dynamics ; structural transitions ; Raman scattering ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Raman scattering is used to make a dynamical study of the disubstituted and perdeuterated diacetylene pTS-D in monomer crystal from, where an incommensurate phase exists from T1 = 155 K to T1 = 195 K. The low-frequency polarised Raman spectra in the temperature interval 9-300 K show that the phase transition is related to side-group rotations decoupled as from the diacetylene backbone, as in pTS-D polymer. A comparison with another disubstituted diacetylene DNP shows that it is very difficult to obtain symmetrical diacetylene polymers in a non-centrosymmetric structure.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 195 (1994), S. 149-158 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The in situ polymerization of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) yields homogeneous and transparent nanocomposite materials. It was shown that covalent bonds occur between the organic chains and the inorganic clusters, preventing macroscopic phase separation. For an initial amount of TEOS higher than a critical value, gel formation is observed. Up to this critical TEOS content, improved mechanical properties, which persist at high temperatures, are obtained.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 349-356 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: phase separation ; thermoplastic-modified epoxies ; polyetherimide-modified epoxies ; Flory-Huggins equation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The miscibility of polyetherimides (PEIs) with epoxy monomers based on diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA), and with reactive mixtures based on stoichiometric amounts of DGEBA and an aromatic diamine (DA) {either 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) or 4,4′-methylenebis[3-chloro 2,6-diethylaniline] (MCDEA)}; was experimentally studied. Cloud-point curves (temperature vs. composition) are reported for PEI-DGEBA and PEI-DGEBA-DA initial mixtures. Cloud-point conversions are reported for the reactive mixtures, for various PEI amounts and polycondensation temperatures. A thermodynamic model based on the Flory-Huggins-Staverman approach, taking polydispersity of both components into account, was used to analyze the experimental information. A single relationship between the interaction parameter and temperature, χ(T), could fit experimental results of mixtures of two commercial PEIs with DGEBA. The addition of DDS led to a decrease in miscibility whereas MCDEA improved the initial miscibility. In both cases, the interaction parameter decreased with conversion, meaning that PEI was more compatible with oligomeric species than with the mixture of starting monomers. The phase separation process in initially miscible rubber- or thermoplastic-modified thermosetting polymers is the result of two factors: increase in the average molar size of the thermosetting oligomer (main driving force favoring demixing), and variation of the interaction parameter with conversion, which may act to increase or decrease the cloud-point conversion determined by the first factor. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 18 (1984), S. 895-909 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: An alternative to the usual technique of preclotting porous textile vascular prostheses prior to surgical implantation is to render them impermeable to blood by impregnation with a cross-linked albumin filler matrix. This material subsequently becomes the foundation for cellular development. The compatibility of such impregnated fabrics with newly formed endothelial cells has been evaluated by an in vitro organotypic culture method. This technique enables the characterization and numeration of cells that develop on blood contact surfaces and enables determination of their rate of development. Woven, knitted, and velour fabrics were evaluated folllowing coating with albumin and either storage in Tyrode solution or 40% ethanol or desiccation by critical point drying. Preclotted cardiovascular repair fabrics prepared according to conventional surgical protocol served as controls. The identification of the newly formed cells was confirmed histologically. The most extensive and rapid cellular development was observed on the woven fabric and is believed may have resulted from the smoother surface topography of this substrate. Good cellular development was noted particularly on fabrics which had been stored in Tyrode solution. Ethanol had a deleterious effect on the apparent compatibility.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 129 (1969), S. 215-233 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Gibt man TiCl4 und Al(C2H5)3 in Heptan in verschiedenen Molverhältnissen zusammen, dann fällt ein Reaktionsprodukt aus, das mit chemischen und physikalisch-chemischen Methoden untersucht wurde. Nimmt das Molverhältnis Al/Ti zu, so wird das Chlor im TiCl4 mehr und mehr durch organische Liganden ersetzt; dieser Effekt ist stärker als die Reduktion des Titans. Es wird ein neues Modell für die aktiven Zentren entwickelt, welches das Auftreten des Maximums der katalytischen Aktivität beim Molverhältnis 2 erklärt. Es wurde weiter nachgewiesen, daß keine Proportionalität zwischen der katalytischen Aktivität und der Intensität der ESR-Signale des Katalysators besteht. Die Form der ESR-Signale hängt dagegen vom Verhältnis Al/Ti ab.
    Notes: L'article décrit les résultats d'une étude chimique et physicochimique des solides catalytiques TiCl4—Al(C2H5)3 pour une large gamme de valeurs du rapport molaire Al/Ti. L'augmentation de ce rapport se traduit plus par la substitution de groupements organiques à la place de chlore que par la réduction très poussée du titane. On propose une nouvelle représentation de la gamme des sites actifs qui permet d'expliquer l'existence d'un maximum d'activité catalytique pour le rapport 2. De plus, il n'y a pas de proportionnalité entre l'activité catalytique et l'intensité totale des signaux R.P.E. du solide, dont la forme dépend du rapport Al/Ti.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aus der Analyse des E.S.R.-Spektrums einer Probe von Titantrichlorid (Stauffer H) resultieren fünf Elementarsignale, von denen drei 85% des ganzen Spektrums darstellen und eine axiale Symmetrie aufzeigen. Mit Hilfe der Ligandenfeldtheorie und den Ergebnissen der diffusen Reflexion im ultravioletten und sichtbaren Bereich gelangt man zu dem Schluß, daß diese Signale aus inneren Kristallstruktur-Fehlern stammen. Diese Schlußfolgerung stimmt mit verschiedenen experimentellen Beobachtungen überein.
    Notes: Le spectre de résonance paramagnétique électronique d'un échantillon de TiCl3 (Stauffer H) est analysé comme la somme de cinq signaux élémentaires dont trois représentent 85% du total et présentent une symétrie axiale. A l'aide de la théorie du champ cristallin et des résultats d'une étude spectroscopique UV-visible en réflexion diffuse, on arrive à conclure que ces signaux proviennent de défauts internes de la structure cristalline; cette conclusion est en accord avec plusieurs observations expérimentales.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The present study was undertaken to evaluate a new prototype mesh that consists of a knitted polyester structure treated with a fluoropolymer and impregnated with gelatin. The Fluoropassiv® mesh, as well as two controls, the Surgipro™ polypropylene mesh and the Gore-Tex® expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patch, were used for the repair of experimentally induced abdominal hernias in piglets and followed for scheduled implantation periods of 4, 15, and 60 days. At the sacrifice the mesh and surrounding tissue were excised for histological assessment of the healing sequence, for the identification of changes in hematologic and immunological characteristics, and for the measurement of the mechanical properties. After cleaning to remove the encroaching tissue, the explanted devices were monitored for biostability by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The present study has demonstrated that the Fluoropassiv® mesh provides adequate mechanical strength and compares favorably with the two controls. No exacerbated systemic or in situ hematologic or immunological reactions were observed with either the meshes or the patch material. Histological studies revealed that thick collagenous and vascularized tissue were well anchored to the three biomaterials as early as 15 days after implantation. The degree of tissue penetration differed depending on the device. Chemically, they proved stable over time. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The surgical management of abdominal hernias requires prosthetic grafting in situations where the defect is too large or the surrounding tissue is not available for repair. Flat patches made of different biomaterials have been used in textile or microporous forms. The present work describes the results of an in vitro study comparing the morphological, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of a new textile prototype, Fluoropassiv®, made of polyester fibers treated with a fluoropolymer and impregnated with gelatin to those of seven existing commercial meshes and patches made from polypropylene, polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) yarns, and expanded microporous PTFE graft. The morphological study revealed a diversity of structures having a minimal relative porosity of 70%, high bursting, and suture retention strengths in comparison with natural muscular tissue. Elasticmoduli proved to depend more on the direction of the textile: the rigidity was higher for those materials having tight structure, like the Fluoropassiv® and the Surgipro™ meshes (〉30 MPa), whereas those with more open structures, such as the Marlex®, Trelex®, Lars®, Bard Teflon®, and Gore-Tex® structures, showed lower elastic modulus (10 mPa). In addition, chemical analyses confirmed no irregularities in the polymers used in all prostheses and demonstrated that the fluoropolymer coating of the Fluoropassiv® was uniformly distributed. The innovative aspects in the construction of the knitted fabric Fluoropassiv® appears to make it suitable for repairing hernias, and the inclusion of both continuous fluoropolymer surface treatment of polyester fibers and gelatin impregnation appears to improve the healing process. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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