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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic graft copolymerization. II. Graft copolymerization of β-propiolactone onto acrylonitrile-sodium acrylate copolymer (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 773-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyacrylonitrile-β-propiolactone (βPL) graft copolymer was synthesized by means of ionic polymerization, in which polymerization of βPL was initiated by polyacrylonitrile containing a small amount of some reactive groups such as —COOK, —COONa, —COOLi, and —COOH. Lower electronegativity of the countercation favored higher total conversion and higher grafting percentage. The grafting percentage increased with the reaction time and concentration of reactive groups in the trunk polymer, but grafting efficiency varied very little under these conditions. In the bulk polymerization at 60°C., grafting efficiency was about 60%, but in the solution polymerization in toluene or dioxane, grafting efficiency was higher than in bulk or nitrobenzene.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110602
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic graft copolymerization. I. Homopolymerization of β-propiolactone by sodium acetate catalyst (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 753-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of β-propiolactone (βPL) by sodium acetate catalyst has been investigated. The polymerization behavior with monomer purified with calcium chloride was found to be a little different from that previously reported for this monomer. That is, poly-β-propiolactone (PβPL) obtained from βPL dried with CaCl2 has a higher degree of polymerization than that obtained from conventionally treated βPL, and its infrared spectrum shows type II configuration, which differs from that reported in previous papers. Some chain transfer reaction is observed even for the polymerization of the CaCl2-dried βPL; however, this is less important in toluene. The electronegativity of the anion or cation in catalyst greatly influences the rate of polymerization.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110601
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic graft copolymerization. III. Graft copolymerization of β-propiolactone onto polyacrylonitrile containing diketene units (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 791-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-β-propiolactone (βPL) graft copolymer was synthesized by means of the ionic polymerization of βPL in the presence of polyacrylonitrile containing diketene units by using basic catalysts. A graft copolymer was produced by the copolymerization of βPL with the lactone ring in the trunk polymer. In this graft copolymerization method, the grafting efficiency was low. However, grafting efficiency increased with the mole ratio of polymeric lactone to βPL; also higher molecular weight of PβPL favored higher grafting efficiency. The reactivity ratio of polymeric lactone to βPL was estimated to be in the range of 0.1-0.3.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110603
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semi-rigid thermotropic liquid-crystalline copolycarbonates comprising main-chain hexafluoropentane segments (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 16 (1995), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Novel semi-rigid fluorocarbon-containing coplycarbonates composed of biphenyl moiety and rigid rod-like hexafluoropentane chain were prepared by melt polycondensation of 6,6′-(biphenyl-4,4′-diyldioxy)dihexanol (1) and 2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoro-1,5-pentanediol (2) with alkylene diphenyl dicarbonates 3 of various aliphatic lengths (m = 6, 8, 10 and 12). The structures of the copolymers 4 were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectra and elemental analyses. The thermal and liquid-crystalline (LC) properties were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing microscopy and temperature-changeable X-ray analyses. These measurements indicated that the copolymers show well-defined thermotropic nematic textures and have block-like sequences. It is suggested that the introduction of the hexafluoropentane chain into the main chain gives more stable LC phases.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1995.030160208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the mechanism of synthesis of protein molecules (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 57 (1962), S. 965-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Glutamic acid undergoes cyclization to form 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid as an intermediate cyclic monomer in some mechanisms of the synthesis of protein molecules. Two molecules of leucine undergo cyclization to form a dioxopiperazine derivative useful as an intermediate, closed ring dimer for some high protein copolymerization reactions. Leucyl-leucine has also been cyclized by heating to obtain a similar six-membered ring dimer as an intermediate. Glutamic acid (1 mole) with leucyl-leucine (1 mole) react in the same way to form leucyl-leucyl glutamate without cyclization. Glutamic acid (1 mole) with leucine (2 moles) interact to make α,β-dileucyl-glutamate as an intermediate useful for some high protein copolymerization reactions. These intermediates and almost all amino acids will copolymerize to form higher polymers by the method used in this fundamental research investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1962.1205716575
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ni—Co alloy as a new reference material for quantitative surface analysis (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For the improvement of quantitative surface analysis using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) we propose an Ni—Co alloy system as a candidate for a ‘primary reference material’ to be used for evaluating the accuracy of quantitative surface analysis. A Ni—Co alloy was chosen for two reasons. Firstly, the concentrations of the alloys (Ni49Co51,Ni75Co25) at the surface and in the near-surface region were found to be homogeneous, i.e. phenomena such as preferential sputtering and ion irradiation-induced surface segregation were no observed with angle-resolved XPS measurements during 1 keV Ar+ ion sputtering. Secondly, the corrections of matrix effects of Ni—Co alloys, such as the atomic density, the back-scattering factor and inelastic mean free path corrections, were calculated and found to be negligibly small.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740160136
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    True Auger Electron Spectra Measured with a Novel Cylindrical Mirror Analyser (Au, Ag and Cu) (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: AES ; cyclindrical mirror analyser ; absolute spectra ; backscattering ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A novel cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) has been used to obtain true spectra using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) on Au, Ag and Cu. The whole energy distribution for the primary accelerating voltages, ranging from 1 V through to 5000 V, was measured absolutely. Even faint spectra which have not been cited in Auger data books and only predicted by simple calculation were presented. Auger ionization cross-sections of the M4 and M5 shells of Ag and the L3, M1 and M2,3 shells of Cu were deduced. The energy dependence of the elastically backscattered primary electrons was found to show strong material-dependent characteristics. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 39 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer-supported bases, 3Part 2: M. Tomoi, Y. Kato, H. Kakiuchi, Makromol. Chem. 185, 2117 (1984).. Synthesis of phosphatidylcholines using polymer-supported aminopyridines (1985)
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 6 (1985), S. 397-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1985.030060605
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reliability of quantitative analysis with AES (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 140-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Japanese VAMAS-SCA working group is composed of 19 institutes. Three kind of Au—Cu alloys (Au 75 at.-%-Cu 25 at.-%, Au 50 at.-%-Cu 50 at.-%, Au 25 at.-%-Cu 75 at.-%) were prepared, and these specimens, pure Au and pure Cu were distributed to the members of the VAMAS-SCA working group. The surface concentrations of these alloys were calculated from the Auger peak amplitudes in two ways. One method used the published relative sensitivity factors, and the other used pure Au and Pure Cu as the standard materials. The mean values of the surface concentrations calculated with the published relative sensitivity factors were almost the same as those calculated with the standard materials. This means that the published relative sensitivity factors are reliable to some extent. The error of the surface concentration calculated with pure Au and pure Cu as the standard materials lay between about 3% and 10%, and that with the relative sensitivity factors lay between about 7% and 20%. The calculated surface concentrations of Au were larger than the bulk concentrations of Au when the matrix effect was neglected.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740160127
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous appearance of sharp and diffuse spots in LEED: Experiments and simulation for Si (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 103-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The LEED technique has been used to analyze HF-treated actual Si(111) surface. The observed LEED pattern showed a three-fold symmetrical sharp and hexagonal symmetrical diffuse pattern that is considered to reflect disordered structures in the top surface of the Si. The pattern was compared with a three-dimensional optical diffraction simulation. In the optical simulation, it was assumed that terminating hydrogen atoms at the Si(111) surface are so arranged that mono-hydride and tri-hydride structures are distributed at random. Then hexagonal symmetrical sharp spots and diffuse spots appeared simultaneously. The existence of Si - H, Si - H2, and Si - H3 bonds was confirmed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740220125
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