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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 98 (1981), S. 97-112 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The stress-strain behaviour of sol/gel-polymers of 2-chloro-butadiene was investigated. The modulus of the raw polymers increases linearly while the gel component increases. Einstein's equation which deals with the viscosity of colloidal suspensions is applicable to the sol/gel-systems in investigation. There exist no strong interactions between the gel particles and the sol matrix which are characteristic for active fillers, so that the gel particles are able to move freely in the shear gradient of a processing machine without remarkable deformation. During vulcanization of the sol/gel-rubbers in investigation, the gel particles are only insufficiently covulcanized with the sol matrix. When the gel fraction of the rubber increases, and when the amount of vulcanizing agents in the sol phase increases, the homogenization of tension in the vulcanizate is increasingly disturbed. Tensile strength and ultimate elongation of the vulcanizate are impaired on account of the disadvantageous network structure which takes rise from the overcure and from the insufficient connexion between the gel particles and the sol phase.
    Notes: Es wurde das Zug-Dehnungs-Verhalten von Sol/Gel-Polymeren aus 2-Chlorbutadien untersucht. Der E-Modul der Rohpolymeren steigt linear mit deren Gelanteil. Für die untersuchten Sol/Gel-Systeme gilt die Einsteinsche Beziehung über die Viskositätserhöhung kolloidaler Suspensionen. Zwischen Gelpartikeln und Solmatrix bestehen keine starken, aktive Füllstoffe kennzeichnende Wechselwirkungen, so daß die Gelpartikel im Schergradienten einer Verarbeitungsmaschine (z. B. Extruder) als quasistarre Kugeln abzugleiten vermögen und keine wesentliche Deformation erfahren. Bei der Vulkanisation der untersuchten Sol/Gel-Kautschuke werden die Gelpartikel nur unzureichend mit einer Solmatrix verknüpft. Die Spannungshomogenisierung im Vulkanisat wird zunehmend behindert, wenn der Gelanteil des Kautschuks zunimmt und wenn die Vernetzerkonzentration in der Solphase zunimmt. Durch die ungüstige Netwerkstruktur, die durch Übervernetzung und durch unzureichende Verknüpfung der Gelteilchen mit der Solphase entsteht, werden Zugfestigkeit und Bruchdehnung des Vulkanisats vermindert.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Selective hydrogenation of the double bonds in nitrile rubber (NBR) yields polymers, which in principle could be obtained by the terpolymerisation of ethene, 1-butene and acrylonitrile. The chemical and physical differences of the starting materials and the hydrogenated products can be explained by the specific properties of 1,4-linked butadiene sequences and the therefrom resulting ethene sequences. In contrast to butadiene segments the ethene sequences are chemically more resistant and are able to cristallize. This is shown by thermal and dynamic-mechanical measurements as well as by the tensile strengths of the raw rubber and of carbon black filled vulcanizates.
    Notes: Durch selektive Hydrierung der Doppelbindungen von Nitrilkautschuk (NBR) erhält man Produkte, die formal aus Ethen, 1-Buten und Acrylnitril aufgebaut sind. Chemische und physikalische Unterschiede zwischen dem Ausgangs- und Endprodukt werden durch die spezifischen Eigenschaften von 1,4-verknüpften Butadien- und den daraus abgeleiteten Ethensequenzen erklärt. Im Gegensatz zu Butadiensequenzen sind Ethensequenzen chemisch beständiger und können kristallisieren. Dies wird durch thermische und mechanisch-dynamische Untersuchungen sowie die Bestimmung der Zugfestigkeit am Rohkautschuk und am rußgefüllten Vulkanisat gezeigt.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die van der Waals Zustandsgleichung für reale Netzwerke wird mit Erfolg auf verschiedene Gummisysteme angewendet. Eine neue Methode der Charakterisierung von Netzwerken wird vorgestellt. Konsequenzen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: The utility of the van der Waals equation of state for real networks is demonstrated by its application to various rubbers. A new method of characterization of networks as well as a discussion of its consequences are presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Sulfur crosslinking systems are well established for curing of rubbers containing olefinic bonds and are well optimized for various processing and end product requirements. This is achieved by the clever selection of accelerator or their combinations or varying sulfur to accelerator ratio. This ratio defines primarily the structure and density of the sulfur crosslinks. Semi efficient crosslinking systems allow in NR as in SBR best compromise of properties with respect to processing, static and dynamic behaviour and ageing. In NR the structure of the crosslinks contrary to SBR has a larger influence on dynamic crack propagation. Polysulfidic crosslinks are preferred for higher tensile strength, tear and fatigue resistance.Great challenges for accelerated sulfur crosslinking exist to meet new ecological and toxicological requirements such as avoidance of nitrosamines in rubber industry. The present work shows that there is a potential for new developments in the classical sulfur vulcanization to satisfy the present needs and meet the future challenges.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The photocrosslinking efficiency of a series of commercial photoinitiators and multicomponent photosensitive systems on uncrosslinked acrylic matrices has been estimated. Copolymers used for this study are tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-4-en-8-yl acrylate/ethyl acrylate copolymers of variable composition (100/0, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100) synthesized in solution by a free-radical process. The irradiations were carried out at large wavelengths (λ ≥ 310 nm). Systems of benzophenone/benzoyl peroxide led to really fast crosslinking kinetics for 10 min of irradiation.
    Notes: L'efficacité de photoréticulation de toute une série de photoamorceurs commerciaux et de systèmes photosensibles multicomposants a été évaluée sur des matrices acryliques non réticulées. Les polymères utilisés pour cette étude sont des homopolymères et des copolymères d'acrylate de dicyclopentadiène/acrylate d'éthyle de composition variable (100/0, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100) synthétisés en solution par voie radicalaire. Les irradiations ont été effectuées à des grandes longueurs d'ondes (λ ≥ 310 nm). Les systèmes benzophénone/peroxyde de benzoyle ont permis d'obtenir des cinétiques de réticulation très rapides pour des temps d'irradation de 10 min.
    Additional Material: 12 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 191 (1990), S. 169-184 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinyllactams) form a class of non-ionic water-soluble polymers from which only poly-(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) is well known and has been investigated extensively. The homologues poly(1-vinyl-2-piperidone) (1, poly[1-(2-oxo-1-piperidyl)ethylene]) and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (2, poly[1-(2-oxoperhydroazepin-1-yl)ethylene]) which are still soluble in water at room temperature have not yet been studied in aqueous solution. In this work the synthesis of these two polymers by radical polymerization in solution and the investigation of the dilute aqueous solution properties of these polymers by static and dynamic light scattering measurements are presented. Special attention is paid to the influence of the increasing hydrophobicity of these polymers on coil dimensions and structures in aqueous solution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2333-2345 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: dicyclopentenyl acrylate/ethyl acrylate ; photopolymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crosslinking efficiency and kinetics of a solid acrylic copolymer DCPA/EA (dicyclopentenyl acrylate/ethyl acrylate) matrix were investigated in the presence of pentaerythritol tetrakis (2-mercaptoacetate) (PETMP) or pentaerythritol tri- and tetraacrylates used as multifunctional crosslinking agents. The reaction of thiol and acrylate addition was sensitized by benzophenone (BP). The crosslinking efficiency of the DCPA/EA - BP - PETMP copolymer system, illuminated at high wavelengths (λ 〉 310 nm), was compared with that of the DCPA/EA matrix alone and the 2-component system copolymer DCPA/EA-BP. The concentrations of photosensitizer and crosslinking agent were varied from 1 to 10 mass %. The kinetics of tetrafunctional thiol addition and cyclopentene (pendant group of the DCPA/EA matrix) disappearance was followed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and by determining the gel content. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2333-2345, 1997
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23 (1992), S. 250-259 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Mit den hier beschriebenen Verfahren ist es möglich, im Übergangsbereich der Zähigkeit bruchmechanische Kennwerte zur Charakterisierung der Rißeinleitung bei quasistatischer Beanspruchung anzugeben.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 20 (1989), S. 384-390 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Influence of specimen thickness on the deformation and fracture behaviour of wide platesThe influence of specimen thickness on the deformation behaviour and the load bearing capacity has been investigated with large scale double-edge-notched-tension-specimens (DENT). The difference of the state of stress can be modelled by simplifications (plain strain, plain stress). Equations for the calculation of plastic limit loads taking into account the defect ratio a/W have been derived based on analytical, numerical and experimental investigations. Already existing equations may lead to unsafe prediction in special situations. The difference between plastic limit and maximum load is smaller for the thicker specimens due to higher toughness requirements. The toughness requirements have been quantified for the DENT-specimens using the J-integral analysis. The requirements mainly depend on the overall dimensions (W, B), the thickness ratio (B/W) and the defect ratio (a/W).
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 197 (1996), S. 1731-1756 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The study of the mechanism of the processes taking place in photocrosslinking of the homopolymer of dicyclopentenyl acrylate (DCPA), was realized using ultraviolet and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. Different kinetics of crosslinking in the presence and absence of benzophenone prove the efficiency of this photosensitive system. The particular structure of the acrylic matrix of poly(DCPA), i.e., the presence of a residual unsaturated bond and a cyclic structure, reveals its high photooxidation potential (hydroperoxyde formation as detected by FTIR between 3 300 and 3 600 cm-1).
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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