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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of spinning conditions on morphology and properties of polyethylene terephthalate fibers spun at high speeds (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 447-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fiber spinning of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was studied at take-up speeds ranging from 2000 m/min to 7000 m/min under various spinning conditions. Effects of changes in process variables on the molecular orientation, crystallinity, and properties of as-spun PET fibers are reported. Conventional cross-flow quench in high-speed spinning yields fibers with undesirable crimp and asymmetric structure with respect to the fiber axis. Radial-flow quench eliminates these problems. Changes in other spinning conditions, such as extrusion temperature, throughput or take-up denier, and molecular weight, may also affect the development of PET fiber structure in the high-speed threadline.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440310
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extrusion, fiber formation, and characterization of thermotropic copolyesters (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 26 (1988), S. 179-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The flow behavior and the effect of the spinning conditions on the fiber properties and structure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified with 60 mol% p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PET/60PHB) were investigated. PET and its copolyesters with 28 and 80 mol% PHB were used as control samples. The melt of PET/60PHB at temperatures above 265°C exhibited extremely low viscosity and low flow activation energy. High birefringence, indicating the presence of a mesophase, was observed between 265 and 300°C on a hot-stage polarizing light microscope. The maximum tensile strength and initial modulus, 438 MPa and 37 GPa, respectively, were obtained at 275°C for a 0.69 IV polymer. The fiber strength and modulus were significantly lowered when extrusion was conducted at temperatures below 265°C. The fiber properties could also be improved when a high extrusion rate and/or a high draw down ratio was used. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the fibers spun at temperatures above 265°C had a well-developed, highly oriented fibrillar structure. The fibers spun at lower temperatures, however, were poorly oriented and nonfibrillar in character. The high orientation and superior mechanical performance achieved at high temperatures were attributed to the presence of the nematic mesophase in the polymer melt.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1988.090260110
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics and design procedure of hyperbolic dies (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 557-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: extrusion from hyperbolic dies, characteristics and design procedures in ; strain rate in extrusion procedures, hyperbolic die design and ; filament production with constant extensional strain rate with hyperbolic dies ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Nozzle profiles capable of generating constant extensional strain rates are termed hyperbolic dies. When used in polymer extrusion, they exhibit greater potential in inducing and retaining polymer molecular orientation than conventional capillary dies. Most mathematical expressions found in the literature involve several processing variables in describing and designing such nozzle profiles. This report reveals that a hyperbolic die profile, although rather complicated, can be expressed with equations in terms of two ordinary geometrical parameters - the exit diameter and the hyperbolic length. This finding greatly simplifies the design procedure of hyperbolic dies. The extensional strain rate of a hyperbolic die can be related to the length-to-diameter ratio for any given exit diameter. Examples of various types of die profiles are presented and their constant extensional strain-rate characteristics are discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090300606
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