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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic gas and smoke measurement with the British Fire Propagation test. I: Test conditions (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 9 (1985), S. 88-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: toxic gas ; smoke ; fire performance ; fire tests ; linings ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: No standard method has been developed for measureing the evolution of specific toxic gases from building lings when involved in fire. The British Fire Propagation test (BS 476 Part 6) operated in an instrumented room has been proposed for this purpose previously but has not found general acceptance. It is considered further in this report, which investigates the movement and measurement of smoke and specific fire gases under different conditions of room stirring and the effect of the latter on fire propagation indexes. Stiring has been found to have no statistically significant effect on fire propagation indexes provided that the effects of this on calibration of the apparatus are taken into account. Stirring also had little effect upon smoke production per se. Under unstire conditions smoke and toxic gases stratify in the same layer early in the test, and measurement of their production at any single room location will be subject to the location, the way the room influences stratification and how the room is instrumentee, as well as by the prpduct performance. Under stirred room conditions smoke and toxic gases are evenly distributed and product performance can be assessed more simply from concurrent measurements of fire, smoke and toxic gas parameters. The latter procedure is proposed for obtaining relative data on building linings and for examination in further studies for correlation to room and corridor burns.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810090206
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combustion characteristics of UPVC pipe grade materials (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 3 (1979), S. 8-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Samples of current Australian production of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipe and fitting materials have been examined in relation to combustion characteristics. Small scale laboratory assessment of piloted radiant ignition flame propagation and smoke generation have been investigated. Where necessary, improvements to methods of test or analysis of data have been developed and factors that influence results have been investigated. Piloted radiant ignititon and smoke production under flaming conditions are shfown to be the important combustion characteristics of UPVC materials for improvement.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810030103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic gas and smoke measurement with the British Fire Propagation test. III: UPTV formulations with reduced HCl evolution (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 9 (1985), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A range of basic fillers has been incorporated into UPVC formulations and assessed for effectiveness in suppressing HCl evolution and influence on other fire properties. Investigations were carried out with the British Fire Propagation test (BS 476 Part 6) in a room previously used for assessing the fire behaviour of UPVC building products. HCl evolution was also studied following degradation in a pyrolysis tube furnace. Despite notable differences in these methods of assessment, good correlation was found between them. Varying degrees of HCl suppression were obtained and for formulations containing stronger bases effectiveness was found between them. Varying degrees of HCl suppression were obtained and for formulations containing stronger bases effectiveness was approximately stoichiometric to the amount of base present. Lithium hydroxide was thus the most effective HCl absorber on a weight basis. A formulation with 40 parts per hundred resin of this filler evolved only 2% of its theoretical HCl, although at the expense of increased fire propagation indexes. Smoke properties were not greatly influenced by the formulations. Precipitated calcite was considered the most promising acid-absorbing filler for practical use. At 40 parts per hundred resin it reduced HCl evolution to 34% of theoretical and markedly delayed the onset of incapacitating HCl concentrations in the room, with little influence on fire propagation properties of the UPVC.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810090208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic gas and smoke measurement with the British Fire Propagation test. II: Hydrogen chloride evolution from UPVC building products (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 9 (1985), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Extension of the British Standard Fire Propagation test (BS 476 Part 6) as a combustion mode for measuring smoke and toxic gas production from small panels of UPVC building products has been investigated. Hydrogen chloride gas concenatrations in the test room have been measured continuously with a method developed to ensure high collection efficiency from the fire gases. Using this method, the influences of test conditions (room temperature and humidity, room surface finish, reactivity of fire box interior) on HCl gas concentrations were examined to explain the fate of HCl gas after its evolution. The relative humidity (RH) in the room was the most critical factor influencing HCl gas concentrations during tests. Although HCl evolution early in the test was influenced little by RH and closely matched smoke production, maximum HCl gas concentrations in the room attained later varied markedly with RH. Generally, no more than one-third of the HCl expected theoretically remained airborne under any test condition. Further investigations suggested that this loss and the effect of RH are associated with HCl plate-out on room surfaces. Using test conditions set to minimize the influence of RH, HCl evolution from a series of UPVC building products was investigated. HCl concentrations in the test room did not exceed incapacitating levels for those products where less than a certain quantity of UPVC was combusted. This observation is discussed in relation to French regulations, which limit the total quantity of chlorine in some synthetic materials within building compartments.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810090207
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of infection and analysis of contributing factors in revision joint arthroplasty over a two-year period (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 5 (1994), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study examined the incidence of infection and the contributing factors in 166 patients undergoing total joint revision surgery. Of these 32 (19%) had organisms grown from material taken at the local site at the time of revision surgery. Six of the culture-negative patients were clinically suspected of having an infection. With the inclusion of these six, the total incidence of infection in these revision patients was 23%. This is not the incidence of infection in total joint surgery. This is the incidence of infection in patients undergoing revision surgery for whatever reason. The cause of infection in 53% of the cases was either Staphylococcus aureus or coagulase-negative Staphylococci. The Gram-negative bacteria were implicated in only five (15%) of the cases. Many of these infections (31%) were in patients who had had the implant for greater than 7 years. Only 15% of the infections were in patients who had the implant for less than 6 months with an additional 9% being revised in the first year. There were no clinical symptoms or underlying conditions, including allergy, that distinguished the infected from the noninfected group. The infection rate was somewhat higher with the cobalt chromium alloys, somewhat less in the uncemented devices, and somewhat higher in the patients with total knee replacements than those with total hip replacements. The histopathologic analysis revealed that the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNS) was correlated with infection, but most patients with infection had lymphocytes rather than PMNS indicative of a chronic infection. Thus the diagnosis of infection on the basis of histopathology needs to be carefully evaluated. The presence of PMNS is diagnostic for infection, but has a high number of false negatives. The histopathologic data and the data on implantation time indicate that most of these infections are chronic infections. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770050202
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fretting corrosion accelerates crevice corrosion of modular hip tapers (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The use of multiple-component systems in orthopedic surgery gives the surgeon increased flexibility in choosing the optimal implant, but introduces the possibility of interfacial corrosion. Such corrosion could limit the longevity of prostheses due either to tissue reactions to corrosion products, or to device failure. The incidence and nature of corrosion of modular total hips was evaluated in a consecutive series of 79 retrieved implants from University Hospitals of Cleveland. Surfaces were examined with stereo- and scanning electron microscopy. Several laboratory studies were undertaken to examine mechanisms that might contribute to the initiation of corrosion. The first set of experiments investigated the effect of head neck extension; the second study looked at the effect of material combinations on fretting corrosion and crevice corrosion. Analysis of retrieved implants demonstrated that fretting corrosion played a major role in the initiation of interface corrosion, and that a correlation existed between corrosion and length of neck extensions. Laboratory studies showed that longer head neck extensions may be more susceptible to fretting corrosion because of an instability at the interface. Short-term mixedmetal corrosion studies demonstrated that the coupling of cobalt and titanium alloys did not render the interface more susceptible to corrosion. It is hypothesized that fretting corrosion contributes to the initiation of modular interface corrosion, and that the problem can be reduced by design changes that increase the stability of the interface. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060104
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectrophotometric and nmr analysis of the interaction of fluorinated mono- and bifunctional interacalators with DNA, poly(dA-dT), and poly(dG-dC) (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 1953-1975 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have synthesized and investigated the DNA binding properties of three fluorinated acridine derivatives - a monomer (I), a short dimer (II) and a long dimer (III). Only III has a sufficiently long chain bridging the two acridine nuclei to permit binding by bisintercalation. Analysis of the equilibrium and kinetic binding properties of these compounds to poly(dA-dT) demonstrates that they behave very similarly to their unfluorinated parent compounds. Helix extension, as determined by viscosity measurements, shows that both compounds I and II bind by monointercalation while III binds by bisintercalation. These results are confirmed by 19F-nmr analysis, which indicates, in particular, that the two chromophores of III share the same molecular environment as that of I in the presence of either calf thymus DNA or poly(dA-dT). Negative nuclear Overhauser effects in the presence of DNA indicate tight binding such that the motion of the ligands is governed by the polynucleotide dynamics. Optical titrations establish that in 4M NaCl, both I and III bind to calf thymus DNA, but no binding was observed with poly(dG-dC). This result is in contrast to those for dimers of ethidium, which show substantial binding to polynucleotides under high salt conditions. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, however, carried out at considerably higher concentrations, show that compound I does indeed bind to poly(dG-dC) under these high salt conditions, albeit weakly, and leads to a conversion of the polynucleotide from a left-handed to a right-handed conformation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360271208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derivatives of proteins. II. Coupling of α-chymotrypsin to carboxyl-containing polymers by use of N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3′-sulfonate (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 5 (1967), S. 577-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for covalently binding proteins to carboxyl-containing polymers is described. N-Ethyl-5-pheriylisoxazolium-3′-sulfonate is used to form active esters of the carboxyls, which then condense with amine groups on the protein to yield amides. Conjugates of α-chymotrypsin with such polymers have been obtained, with nearly full retention of enzymatic activity in some preparations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1967.360050611
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo and in vitro changes in strength of orthopedic calcium aluminatesThis work was supported in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency under Contract HC 15-67-C-0221, by Public Health Grant PHS-FR-07030, and by the Department of Ceramic Engineering, University of Illinois. (1973)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 7 (1973), S. 435-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Calcium aluminate bars were formulated to study the effect of real and simulated biological environments on strength. Static fatigue tests revealed that the strength of these potential internal bone prostheses decreased to ca. 60% of their initial strength after less than 100 min while being held at constant stress in solution. Calcium aluminate bars aged for 12 weeks in water or Ringer solution were also found to exhibit large losses in strength, while bars implanted in vivo for the same period of time weakened somewhat less. Semi-quantitative analysis of the solutions in which the calcium aluminate bars were aged revealed that Al3+ and Ca2+ were being leached from the bars in both the saline and water baths, while the concentration of Mg2+ was decreasing in the Ringer solution.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies revealed extensive microstructural changes in specimens aged in water or saline solution for 1 and 12 weeks. Similar but far less extensive changes were seen in bars aged in vivo in rabbits for 12 weeks.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820070327
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of calcia stabilized zirconia following in vivo and in vitro aging (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 9 (1975), S. 63-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Aging studies were done on calcia stabilized zirconia rods of 72% theoretical density to determine the effect of actual and simulated biological environments on their strength. They were aged without stress in vitro in Ringer's solution for 1, 2 and 4 weeks or in vivo in rabbits for 12 weeks. Rods aged in vitro showed mean losses in bending strength of 16, 17 and 19% respectively after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of immersion, while those aged in vivo showed a mean loss of 25%. It was concluded that the material tested would be unsatisfactory as an orthopedic replacement because of the rapid decrease in strength which occurred when exposed to actual or simulated biological media.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820090409
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