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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscometric determination of molecular weight of cellulose pulps in zinc ethylenediamine solutionCommunication No. 473 from the National Chemical Laboratory, Poona-8, India. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A convenient method of preparing zinc ethylenediamine complex (ZED) solution for use as solvent for cellulose pulp is described, and the advantages in using this solvent (0.25M zinc in 41% ethylenediamine in water) over cupriethylenediamine (CED) or cuprammonium solutions for viscometric determination of molecular weight of cellulose are indicated. Intrinsic viscosities of eight rayon-grade pulp solutions have been determined at four temperatures: 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. The constants K = 5.85 × 10-5 and a = 0.936 of the Mark-Houwink equation [η] = KMna, required for evaluating the molecular weight of cellulose pulps in ZED solution, have been determined by using the molecular weight values obtained from CED solutions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070116
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study on the thermal degradation of rubber in dilute solutionsCommunication No. 529 from the National Chemical Laboratory, Poona-8, India. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 2199-2209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of low-temperature (60-100°C.) thermal degradation of deproteinized and deresinified petroleum ether soluble fraction of natural rubber in two chemically inert solvents, cyclohexane and trans-decalin, have been studied. The changes in Mw, A2, and (r2)1/2 at various stages of degradation have been obtained from the lightscattering data. The rate constants and the energy of activation for chain scission have been calculated from the observed variation in Mu. The scission has been found to be random and the average energy of activation is 25.8 kcal./mole. This low-energy requirement suggests the presence of weak links in the rubber molecule which get ruptured at low temperature.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070619
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation studies of cellulose phosphates and cellulose thiophosphates (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 147 (1987), S. 157-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der thermische Abbau von Cellulose, Cellulosephosphaten und Cellulosethiophosphaten wurde mit Hilfe der Differentialthermoanalyse, der Thermogravimetrie und der Differentialthermogravimetrie, ausgehend von der Umgebungstemperatur bis 750°C, untersucht. Verschiedene thermodynamische Parameter wurden für die verschiedenen Abbaustufen von Cellulose und ihren Derivaten nach den Methoden von Broido und Freeman und Carroll erhalten. Von den thermisch abgebauten Proben wurden IR-Spektren aufgenommen. Die Daten wurden analysiert, um mehr Informationen über den flammhemmenden Mechanismus von Cellulosephosphaten und -thiophosphaten zu erhalten. Kleinere Werte für die Abbautemperaturen und die Aktivierungsenergien des Abbaus sowie höhere Kohleausbeuten führen zu dem Schluß, daß Cellulosephosphorsäureester gute Flammhemmer sind und daß diese Eigenschaft auch dann erhalten bleibt, wenn die Polymeren dem Ionenaustausch mit Na+-und K+-Ionen ausgesetzt werden. Durch die Einführung von Schwefelatomen macht sich jedoch eine Abschwächung der flammhemmenden Wirkung bemerkbar.
    Notes: The thermal degradation of cellulose, cellulose phosphates, and cellulose thiophosphates was studied by differential thermal analysis, dynamic thermogravimetry, and derivative thermogravimetry from ambient temperature up to 750°C. Various thermodynamic parameters for different stages of thermal degradation of cellulose and its derivatives have been obtained following the methods of Broido, and Freeman and Carroll. Infrared spectra of thermally degraded samples were obtained. The data were analyzed in an effort to obtain more information concerning the flame-retardant mechanisms of cellulose phosphates and cellulose thiophosphates. Lower values of decomposition temperatures and activation energies of decomposition and higher char yields of cellulose phosphates as compared to cellulose lead to the conclusion that cellulose phosphorus esters are good flame retardants, and this property is retained even when these esters were subjected to ion exchange by Na+ and K+ ions. However, with the introduction of sulphur atoms, there was some decrease in this property.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1987.051470115
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of accelerated vulcanization. Sulfur vulcanization accelerated with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and its zinc salt in presence of zinc oxide and zinc oxide and stearic acid (1968)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 3 (1968), S. 79-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die mit 2-Mercaptobenzthiazol und Zinkoxid mit und ohne Stearinsäre beschleunigte Vulkanisation von Naturkautschuk und Styrol-Butadienkautschuk wurde untersucht; die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Untersuchungen verglichen, in denen anstelle des Thiazols dessen Zinksalz verwendet wurde. Für die Geschwindigkeit der Vulkanisation, die aus der Abnahme an freiem Schwefel oder aus der Vernetzung bestimmt wurde, ergab sich eine Reaktionsordnug von 1, während in Bezug auf die Beschleunigerkonzentration eine Ordnung kleiner 1 gefunden wurde.Ohne Zusatz von Stearinsaure ist das Zinksalz wesentlich weniger wirksam fur die Beschleunigung der Vulkanisation als das Thiazol und das Thiazol merklich wirksamer mit Zinkoxid als ohne. Der Zusatz von Stearinsiiure hebt nicht nur die Wirksamkeit beider Systeme auf das gleiche Niveau, sondern bewirkt auch eine Erhohung der Vulkanisationsgeschwindigkeit und des Vernetzungsgrades sowie die Vermeidung einer Reversion und fuhrt zu erheblich verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften des Vulkanisats. Es wurde versucht, die Ergebnisse uber die Annahme einer Komplexbildung zwischen dem Zinksalz des Thiazols und Zinkstearat zu deuten.
    Notes: Sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber (NR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) accelerated with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and zinc oxide with or without stearic acid has been studied and the results compared with those obtained by replacing the thiazole with its zinc salt. The order of the rate of vulcanization as measured from free sulfur decrease or crosslink formation is observed to be unity with respect to time and less than one with respect to accelerator concentration. In absence of stearic acid, the zinc salt is much less efficient than the thiazole in promoting vulcanization, and the efficiency of the latter shows a noticeable improvement over what is attained in absence of zinc oxide. Addition of stearic acid not only raises the efficiency of both the systems to the same level but also leads to a faster rate of vulcanization, a much higher degree of crosslinking, avoidance of reversion, and production of vulcanizates with considerably improved mechanical properties. The formation of zinc sulfide also reveals interesting variation. Attempts have been made to interprete these results in terms of complex formation between zinc salt of thiazole and zinc stearate.
    Additional Material: 33 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1968.050030105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel synthesis and characterization of phenylacetylene end-capped poly(aryl ether sulfone) and poly(aryl ether ketone) oligomers (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196 (1995), S. 2371-2382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of controlled molecular weight poly(aryl ether sulfone) oligomers with benzophenone moieties at the chain termini were prepared. The two carbonyl groups at the chain ends were converted to ethynyl groups by using trimethylsilyldiazomethane/BuLi in tetrahydrofuran. Reactions of 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol with 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone and 4-fluorophenylphenylacetylene as the end-capping reagent in N,N-dimelthylacetamide afforded the desired poly(aryl ether ketone) oligomers Both sulfone and ketone containing oligomeric polyethers undergo crosslinking reactions at elevated temperatures.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021960723
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire and rice husk particleboard (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 18 (1994), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Experimental investigations were made to assess the fire behaviour of rice husk particleboard, a potential substitute for wood particleboards. Releveant fire properties, namely non-combustibility, ignitability, fire propagation index, surface spread of flame classification, specific optical density of smoke generated, flammability and flame penetration were determined in accordance with existing standard methods. In this paper the salient results obtained are discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810180107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TSDC of poly(vinylidene fluoride) below room temperature (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 543-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die thermisch stimulierten Entladungsströme von bei verschiedenen magnetischen Feldstärken und Formierungstemperaturen hergestellten PVDF-Magnetoelektreten wurden bei tiefen Temperaturen gemessen. Einige unterhalb der Zimmertemperatur beobachteten Maxima werden diskutiert.
    Notes: The thermally stimulated discharge current has been measured at low temperatures for magneto-electret samples of PVDF prepared at different magnetic field strengths and forming temperatures. A number of peaks observed below room temperature are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370904
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenacyldimethylsulfonium ylide-mercuric chloride complex initiated radical polymerization of 4-vinyl pyridine (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 42 (1991), S. 548-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polymerisation von 4-Vinylpyridin bei Initiierung durch einen Komplex aus Phenacyldimethylsulfoniumylid und quecksilberchlorid wurde untersucht. Die Polymerisation wird in Gegenwart von Hydrochinon beziehungsweise Benzen verzögert und durch Dimethylformamid beschleunigt. Ein Mechanismus der Radikalbildung wird vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: The polymerization of 4-vinyl pyridine initiated by phenacyldimethylsulfonium ylide complex of mercuric chloride is investigated. The polymerization reaction is retarded in the presence of hydroquinone and benzene, but accelerated by dimethylformamide. A mechanism for the radical formation is suggested.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1991.010421103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental facility for determination of steady flame spread rate of materials employing the Quasi-stationary flame front technique (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 16 (1992), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An experimental facility based on the Quasi-stationary Flame Front Technique for determination of steady flame spread rate of materials at discrete levels of external radiant heat flux was developed. The method employs an external radiant heat source in front of which an element of a specimen of the material is positioned at a location corresponding to the desired level of external radiant heat flux. A specimen movement assembly, which can be operated manually, was designed for moving the specimen towards the stationary external radiant heat source such that the flame front could be maintained quasi-stationary. The experimental technique employed is simple in operation yet is capable of yielding reliable flame fornt displacement-time data. In the paper the design considerations of the experimental facility, details of its components, calibration and typical experimental results obtained are presented.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810160403
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An appraisal of standard methods for determination of flame spread behaviour of materials (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 16 (1992), S. 141-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Salient features of the standard apparatuses and the methodology adopted by various countries for determination of flame spread behaviour of materials are analysed and discussed with a view to obtain a perspective of the performance of these apparatuses. This study was undertaken to investigate the possible reasons for anamolies in the results obtained using these apparatuses. A need is established for development of a new technique for direct determination of flame spread rate of materials under steady-state conditions which has the potential of overcoming the inherent limitations of the existing apparatuses.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810160306
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