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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 1212-1212 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 533-544 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rhodopsin and cyclic guanosine monophosphat (cGMP)-dependent channel proteins are isolated from the rod outer segment disk membranes of dark-adopted bovine retinae and incorporated in liposomes, prepared by the method of detergent removal dialysis. The ion channel does not lose its transport function (release of Ca2+ ions by injection of cGMP) when incorporated in a liposome. Its activity depends on the degree of protein solubilization and the kind of detergent used. The highest activity is obtained by use of the detergent CHAPS. Shape, size, and size distribution of the liposomes are deduced from elastic and quasi-elastic light scattering, the liposome number density by viscometry, and the photopigment or Ca2+ content by optical absorbance. The liposomes are heterogeneous with respect to size and shape. Small unilamellar liposomes (Rh = 80 nm) and a narrow size distribution (UD = 0.16) are obtained by using the detergent CHAPS. With increasing rhodopsin content per liposome, the hydrodynamic radius Rh increases and at the same time the shape of a liposome converts from a sphere to a prolate ellipsoid. The amount of entrapped Ca2+ per liposome reaches its maximum value when the Rhodopsin nearest-neighbor distance approaches its minimum value. This suggests an intermembrane protein-lipid-protein lattice, which serves as barriere for Ca2+. The influence of temperature or total used Ca2+ content is less profound. Increasing temperature yields slightly smaller liposomes.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 16 (1985), S. 366-372 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Acoustic Emission Investigations on Failure Mechanisms in Carbon Fibre Reinforced PlasticsFor a reliable application of modern high-strength materials such as carbon fibre reinforced plastics the knowledges of failure mechanisms as well as detailed informations about the influence of defects occuring during the manufacturing process are necessary. To study the damage progression in fibrous composites a non destructive manner, a very sensitive test failure processes in the laminate have only microscopic dimensions.In our investigations the damage progression was studied by means of acoustic emission analysis (AEA) for different types of ply orientated containing several artifical defects, as cut-through fibres, disbonded fibres and porous matrix. In a further step internally pressurized tubes were tested to investigate the applicability of AE-results to real components. Additionally, fractographic investigations improve the interpretation of the acoustic emission data.It is shown, that AEA succeeds in monitoring damages already at a very early state of damage. At increasing loads the different types of defect emit characteristic AE, which is correlated with a void-type dependent damage progression in the laminate. These knowledges of the failure mechanisms and their typical acoustic emission allow a classification of the different types of manufacturing defects concerning their influence. So, especially the porous matrix could be shown to be the most significant failure type as it causes the largest decrease of strength. The onset of AE at porous materials, however, was found at very low load levels, so that this type of defect can be detected properly.
    Notes: Die Entwicklung moderner technischer Bauteile und Bauteilkomponenten erfordert den Einsatz hochbeanspruchbarer Leichtbauwerkstoffe, die zunehmend aus kohlenstoffaserverstärkten Epoxidharzen hergestellt werden. Der zuverlässige Einsatz derartiger Werkstoffe setzt neben der Kenntnis des Versagensablaufes auch die Prüfbarkeit der Verbunde auf Fertigungsfehler und Schädigungen infolge Betriebsbeanspruchung voraus. Die Zuverlässigkeit von Faserverbunden ist daher entscheidend von der Qualitätssicherung in der Fertigung und im späteren Betrieb abhängig. Dabei ist nicht das Auffinden jeglicher Fehlstellen von Bedeutung, sondern lediglich solcher Ungänzen, durch die die Einsatzfähigkeit des Bauteils in Frage gestellt wird. Als geeignetes Prüfverfahren hierzu hat sich die Schallemissionsanalyse (SEA) erwiesen, da sich mit ihrer Hilfe bereits in einem frühen Stadium Werkstoffveränderungen nachweisen und interpretieren lassen.Es wurde der Einfluß von fertigungsbedingten Fehlern auf den Versagensablauf und die mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften von CFK-Laminaten untersucht. Bei den Fehlern handelt es sich um quasinatürliche Fehler (durchtrennte Faserlage, poröse Matrix, sowie fehlende Haftung der Fasern).Der Einfluß dieser Fehler auf den Beginn und Ablauf der Schädigungen wurde mit Hilfe der SEA abhängig vom Laminataufbau (0, ± 45, 90°) beobachtet. Durch Schliffbilduntersuchungen sowie mit „InSitu“ Belastungen im REM wird die Zuordnung zwischen den Schallemissionsanalysen und den Schädigungen des Laminates ermöglicht. In einem weiteren Schritt wird die Übertragbarkeit der an Laborproben gewonnenen Erkenntnisse auf innendruckbelastete Rohre überprüft.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 277-287 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Theoretical Foundations for the Application of Fracture Mechanics to Fibre Reinforced CompositesThis work gives a survey of the theoretical problems arising from the application of fracture mechanical concepts to fibre-reinforced composite materials.A classification of existing models into macro- and micromechanical is proposed, the derivation of essential equations outlined and some graphical illustrations of the resulting formulae are shown.
    Notes: Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die theoretischen Probleme, die sich bei der Anwendung bruchmechanischer Konzepte auf faserverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffe ergeben.Eine Einteilung der existierenden Modelle in macro- und micro-mechanische wird vorgeschlagen, die Herleitung der wichtigsten Gleichungen skizziert und graphische Illustrationen zu den resultierenden Formeln werden gezeigt.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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